Automatic charger for automotive lead-acid batteries. Free Technical Library article

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Automatic charger for automotive lead-acid batteries

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Automobile. Electronic devices

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This scheme allows you to automatically charge car batteries.

The charging current through the battery, depending on the voltage on it (applied to the B-E junction VT1), is regulated by the transistor VT1, the collector voltage of which controls the charge indicator on the LED (as it charges, the charge current decreases and the LED gradually goes out) and a powerful composite transistor containing VT2, VT3, VT4.

Resistor R3 limits the maximum charging current, so it must be powerful enough, at least 10 W, probably better than wire.

The moment the battery is fully charged (and the charging current decreases to zero) determines the required voltage on it - usually 12.5 V is enough (!). Konstantin (RK1NA) claims (and, it seems, he also convinced me) that the electro-chemical potentials of the materials used in lead-acid batteries make it possible to ensure a FULL charge of the battery only at a voltage of 13.8 V (!).

Those. it is necessary to set the charge threshold a little more than 13.8 V, for example 13.9 V, which ensures charging "to failure", to the full capacity of the battery.

This threshold is set by resistor R1, the threshold depends on the type of transistors used.

Publication: cxem.net

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