Restoration and charging of the car battery. Free Technical Library article

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Restoring and charging a car battery

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Automobile. Electronic devices

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As a result of improper use of car batteries, their plates can be sulfated, and it fails.

There is a known method of restoring such batteries when charging them with an "asymmetric" current. In this case, the ratio of the charging and discharging current was chosen as 10:1 (optimal mode). This mode allows not only to restore sulfated batteries, but also to carry out preventive treatment of serviceable ones.

Rice. 4.2. Charger wiring diagram (click to enlarge)

On fig. 4.2 shows a simple charger designed to use the above method. The circuit provides a pulse charging current up to 10 A (used for accelerated charging). To restore and train batteries, it is better to set a pulse charging current of 5 A. In this case, the discharge current will be 0,5 A. The discharge current is determined by the value of the resistor R4.

The circuit is designed in such a way that the battery is charged by current pulses during one half of the period of the mains voltage, when the voltage at the output of the circuit exceeds the voltage on the battery. During the second half-cycle, the diodes VD1, VD2 are closed and the battery is discharged through the load resistance R4.

The value of the charging current is set by the regulator R2 on the ammeter. Given that when charging the battery, part of the current also flows through the resistor R4 (10%), then the readings of the ammeter PA1 should correspond to 1,8 A (for a pulsed charging current of 5 A), since the ammeter shows the average current value over a period of time, and the charge produced within half of the period.

The circuit provides battery protection from uncontrolled discharge in the event of an accidental power failure. In this case, relay K1 will open the battery connection circuit with its contacts. Relay K1 is used of the RPU-0 type with a winding operating voltage of 24 V or a lower voltage, but a limiting resistor is connected in series with the winding.

For the device, you can use a transformer with a power of at least 150 W with a voltage in the secondary winding of 22 ... 25 V.

The PA1 measuring device is suitable with a scale of 0 ... 5 A (0 ... 3 A), for example M42100. Transistor VT1 is installed on a radiator with an area of at least 200 square meters. cm, which is convenient to use the metal case of the charger design.

The circuit uses a transistor with a high gain (1000 ... 18000), which can be replaced by KT825 when changing the polarity of the diodes and zener diode, since it has a different conductivity (see Fig. 4.3). The last letter in the transistor designation can be any.

Fig.4.3 (click to enlarge)

To protect the circuit from an accidental short circuit, a fuse FU2 is installed at the output.

Resistors used are R1 type C2-23, R2 - PPBE-15, R3 - C5-16MB, R4 - PEV-15, the value of R2 can be from 3,3 to 15 kOhm. Any zener diode VD3 is suitable, with a stabilization voltage of 7,5 to 12 V.

The above circuits of the starting (Fig. 4.1) and chargers (Fig. 4.2) can be easily combined (in this case, it is not necessary to isolate the case of the VT1 transistor from the structure case), for which it is enough to wind another winding of about 25 ... 30 turns on the starting transformer wire PEV-2 with a diameter of 1,8 ... 2,0 mm.

This winding is used to power the charger circuit.

Publication: cxem.net

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