Antenna drive control devices. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Antennas. Technology

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When creating rotating antennas, many radio amateurs face difficulties in developing a control system for their drives. Often it is necessary to use a random engine, in the event of a failure of which it is not possible to find an analogue. In this case, you have to "shovel" the previously assembled control device.

The variants of the device developed by the author are designed to control the most common types of electric motors. Engine failure no longer seems like an unsolvable problem. To go from one type to another, a little soldering is enough, or even a simple switch.

During the development it was necessary to solve several main tasks:

1. The antenna should be easy to reverse, i.e. change the direction of rotation, regardless of the type of engine.

2. The antenna must stop in the forbidden sector, and after that it can be returned back to the allowed sector of rotation (to preserve the integrity of the antenna cable).

3. Antenna rotation control should be carried out from any workplace of the collective radio station with a minimum number of connecting wires.

4. The device must be equipped with a lock that prevents the simultaneous selection of opposite directions of rotation.

In order for the device to be protected from moisture and dust, a housing from mining equipment was used that meets these requirements.

A variant of the device for DC motors with series excitation is shown in fig. 1. Corrections mark the changes that need to be made in order to be able to connect a motor with parallel excitation.

The supply voltage to the relays K1 and K2 is supplied through the limit switches SA1 and SA2 located on the mast. If the antenna is in the permitted sector of rotation, the limit switches are closed and a voltage of 27 V is applied to the left terminals of the relay windings K1 and K2 according to the diagram. The second outputs of the windings are connected to the rotation control buttons SB1 and SB2 through the blocking relay contacts.

When a button is pressed, for example, SB1, relay K1 will operate. With its blocking contacts K1.1, it will open the power supply circuit of relay K2. If this were not the case, then pressing the SB2 button would lead to a short circuit. With contacts K1.2 and K1.3, the relay connects the armature winding of the motor to the terminals of the stator windings, and with contacts K1.4 it closes the motor power circuit.

The engine rotates the antenna until the SB1 button is released or the antenna enters the forbidden sector. If it enters this sector, the limit switch SA1 will open and relay K1 will be de-energized. Its blocking contacts will prepare the circuit for switching on relay K2.

If you now press the SB2 button, relay K2 will work, open the circuit of relay K1 with its contacts, and connect the armature winding of the electric motor to the terminals of the stator windings with contacts K2.2 and K2.3, but in a different polarity. Closed contacts K2.4 supply power to the motor, and it starts to rotate in the opposite direction.

When a motor with only two windings is used, terminals C1 and C2 or C3 and C4 are shorted together.

In the case of using a parallel excitation motor, voltage is supplied to the stator windings in one polarity through contacts K1.4 or K2.4. Voltage is supplied to the armature (rotor) winding in one polarity through K1.2 and K1.3, and in the other - through K2.2 and K2.3. The direction of rotation also changes accordingly.

A variant of the device when using three-phase AC motors is shown in fig. 2.

Relay contacts K2.4 and K1.4 supply power to the motor. Contacts K1.2, K1.3, K2.2 and K2.3 rephasing the windings and to change the direction of rotation.

The connection of the windings in a "star" or "delta" on the junction box of most three-phase electric motors is shown in fig. 3.

The capacitance of capacitor C1 (in microfarads) can be roughly determined by dividing by 10 the power of the motor (in watts).

The device uses relays TKE54PD1U, providing current through the contacts up to 5 A. You can use any relay with an operating voltage of 24 ... 27 V and an allowable current through the contacts corresponding to the starting current of the motor.

Author: N.Filenko (UA9XBI)

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