Alternative energy in the country. Wind energy. Scheme, description

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Alternative energy in the country. Wind energy. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Alternative energy sources

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When deciding on the feasibility of installing a wind turbine, it is necessary to take into account the average monthly and average annual wind speed, the terrain and the nature of the tasks that need to be solved.

At those wind speeds that are in most regions of Ukraine, it is not advisable to install a wind turbine with a capacity of more than 5 kW - its payback period will be comparable to the service life. An exception is the case of installing wind farms in places with an average annual wind speed of more than 4,5 m/s. However, small wind turbines with a capacity of 0,1 to 2 kW are fully justified even in the "country" use. Even though they also have a low average annual capacity factor, their low price justifies their use as an additional source of energy. Especially beneficial is the use of small wind farms in autonomous power supply systems, together with solar panels and diesel generators. The use of wind farms in this case will significantly reduce fuel consumption in case of insufficient solar radiation - for example, in cloudy weather or in winter.

For a small country house in the presence of an average annual wind speed of more than 4 m / s, a wind turbine (WPP) with a capacity of:

About 150-200 watts to cover basic electricity needs - lighting, TV, communication, radio, other low power load. If the house has a small refrigerator, then you need a wind turbine with a capacity of 0,5-1 kW.
From 1 to 5 kW to supply almost all needs in a typical country house, including a washing machine, refrigerator, computers, etc. During periods of strong and persistent wind, excess electricity generated can be used for space heating.

The choice of locations for wind turbines should be made in areas with favorable wind conditions that ensure the economic feasibility of using wind energy.

In areas with average annual wind speeds of 6 m/s and higher, the use of wind turbines becomes beneficial for wind turbines of any purpose in a wide range of capacities. The design of wind energy systems for areas with average annual wind speeds below 6 m/s requires additional justification with the calculation of the expected energy production and its comparison with these needs and the assessment of the acceptability of the results obtained in terms of economic indicators for specific consumers.

Determination of wind speed by external signs

Alternative energy in the country. Wind energy

The most favorable places are elevated and flat areas, places close to the sea coasts, valleys of large rivers and reservoirs.

It is necessary to avoid places with a concave shape of the relief, as well as places near forests, residential buildings and industrial facilities, which may interfere with the unhindered approach of air masses to the wind turbine. In this case, it is necessary to pay special attention to the exclusion of interference on the path of the wind in directions that carry the predominant part of the energy.

The project of a wind power plant should provide for the placement of wind turbines in a fenced area inaccessible to unauthorized persons. Otherwise, provision should be made for the construction of a fence around the wind turbine. Safety warning posters must be posted.

The wind turbine should be removed from residential premises, medical institutions, schools and rest houses at a distance that reduces the noise level generated by the operating wind turbine to a level of 45 dB.

The place for the construction of wind turbines should be located outside the allotted territory for the location of railways and highways, power lines, main gas pipelines, cable and water routes.

Wind turbines should not be installed on the path of the main routes of migratory birds, as well as placed near their mass nesting.

If the wind turbine has a noise, visual or other impact, then the chosen location for the construction of wind turbines must be agreed with the local administration of the area where the wind turbine is located.

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