Control system of micro hydroelectric power plants. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Alternative energy sources

 Comments on the article

The control system of a micro hydroelectric power station is necessary to regulate the main technological parameters of the station. The most important of them are the stable operation of the hydraulic unit (turbine rotation speed), stabilization of the output voltage and current frequency.

Turbine speed control

Network connected systems

The rotational speed of the turbine in a micro hydropower plant must be kept constant so that the generator can produce electricity of standard quality, i.e. with a frequency of 50 Hz and a voltage of 220-230 volts (V).

In systems with a connection to the public network, the main parameter is the power of the turbine and the corresponding water flow. In this case - the load on the generator is not a critical issue, since almost any power can be transferred to the general network for consumers.

Usually, the water level in the pressure basin is controlled and the water flow is regulated using a guide vane (by changing the position of its blades) or a needle valve on the nozzle (in the case of a bucket turbine).

Isolated systems

In isolated systems, the regulation of the turbine speed becomes more complicated, since here it is not the parameters of the water flow that are decisive, but the power passing through the center of the load, that is, the electrical load that occurs in connection with the connection or disconnection of electrical appliances (consumption).

Standard regulators detect deviations in speed and regulate water flow using a guide vane (by changing the position of its blades) or a needle valve on the nozzle (in the case of a bucket turbine).

In isolated systems, rapid load changes can occur and flow control becomes very difficult. Installing a flywheel can make this task easier to a certain extent.

Load controllers (for installations <100 kW) switch ballast loads on and off depending on changes in consumer loads with constant turbine flow and hence constant turbine/generator power. To do this, most micro hydroelectric power plants are equipped with an electric load regulator in the form of a ballast load. The ballast load is designed to absorb excess power during the operation of a micro hydroelectric power station in an isolated system.

Example: the power of a micro hydro power plant is 5 kW, but your electrical appliances consume only 3 kW. As a result, without sufficient load on the generator, the turbine speed will increase, which, in turn, will lead to an increase in the voltage and frequency of the electric current in the system. This situation can lead to damage to the generator of the hydroelectric power station and electrical appliances of consumers. To solve this problem, you can reduce the water supply to the turbine and, thereby, reduce its speed, or turn on additional electrical appliances by 2 kW or connect a ballast load by this amount, increasing the load on the generator, and hence on the turbine. As soon as the load increases and exceeds, for example, the above 3 kW, then the consumption in the ballast load will decrease accordingly, so that the total consumption in the system is 5 kW.

Ballast load

A ballast load should be understood as some unusable load that provides for the automatic redistribution of electrical power between some consumers, for example, various household appliances (Fig. 33).

Fig.33. Scheme of using ballast load

The advantage of the ballast load is the complete exclusion of electromechanical devices from the turbine speed stabilization system. Such a control system can have a high speed, which will positively affect the quality of the output voltage of the power supply. Due to the stabilization of the frequency of rotation of the hydrogenerator, general industrial generators can be used without a large margin of mechanical strength of the generator rotor.

Authors: Kartanbaev B.A., Zhumadilov K.A., Zazulsky A.A.

See other articles Section Alternative energy sources.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

Alcohol content of warm beer 07.05.2024

Beer, as one of the most common alcoholic drinks, has its own unique taste, which can change depending on the temperature of consumption. A new study by an international team of scientists has found that beer temperature has a significant impact on the perception of alcoholic taste. The study, led by materials scientist Lei Jiang, found that at different temperatures, ethanol and water molecules form different types of clusters, which affects the perception of alcoholic taste. At low temperatures, more pyramid-like clusters form, which reduces the pungency of the "ethanol" taste and makes the drink taste less alcoholic. On the contrary, as the temperature increases, the clusters become more chain-like, resulting in a more pronounced alcoholic taste. This explains why the taste of some alcoholic drinks, such as baijiu, can change depending on temperature. The data obtained opens up new prospects for beverage manufacturers, ... >>

Major risk factor for gambling addiction 07.05.2024

Computer games are becoming an increasingly popular form of entertainment among teenagers, but the associated risk of gaming addiction remains a significant problem. American scientists conducted a study to determine the main factors contributing to this addiction and offer recommendations for its prevention. Over the course of six years, 385 teenagers were followed to find out what factors may predispose them to gambling addiction. The results showed that 90% of study participants were not at risk of addiction, while 10% became gambling addicts. It turned out that the key factor in the onset of gambling addiction is a low level of prosocial behavior. Teenagers with a low level of prosocial behavior do not show interest in the help and support of others, which can lead to a loss of contact with the real world and a deepening dependence on virtual reality offered by computer games. Based on these results, scientists ... >>

Traffic noise delays the growth of chicks 06.05.2024

The sounds that surround us in modern cities are becoming increasingly piercing. However, few people think about how this noise affects the animal world, especially such delicate creatures as chicks that have not yet hatched from their eggs. Recent research is shedding light on this issue, indicating serious consequences for their development and survival. Scientists have found that exposure of zebra diamondback chicks to traffic noise can cause serious disruption to their development. Experiments have shown that noise pollution can significantly delay their hatching, and those chicks that do emerge face a number of health-promoting problems. The researchers also found that the negative effects of noise pollution extend into the adult birds. Reduced chances of reproduction and decreased fertility indicate the long-term effects that traffic noise has on wildlife. The study results highlight the need ... >>

Random news from the Archive diamond plow 07.10.2011 German farmers spend almost a billion liters of liquid fuel on plowing every year. The employees of the Institute for the Mechanics of Materials in Freiburg hope to reduce these costs by about a third. To do this, they propose to cover the plowshares with a thin layer of carbon with a diamond-like structure. Experiments have shown that the resistance of the soil to such a plow is halved, and the plowshare itself wears out much less. In addition, a fiberglass-reinforced plastic plow is in development, and even a plow made of a super-hard material, tungsten carbide.

Other interesting news:

▪ The glaciers of the Arctic are filled with life

▪ On the river - like on the highway

▪ Thread - 8500 years

▪ All Samsung electronics will be equipped with artificial intelligence

▪ Phobos will be destroyed by Mars

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ section of the site Electronic directories. Article selection

▪ article Like water off a duck's back. Popular expression

▪ Article Why do people have such different hair? Detailed answer

▪ article Work on a machine for wrapping books in dust jackets such as BZSP, etc.. Standard instructions for labor protection

▪ article Antenna tetra. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ article Switching step-down stabilizers. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages ​​of this page

Arabic	Hebrew	Polish
Bengali	Hindi	Portuguese
Chinese	Italian	Spanish
English	Japanese	Turkish
French	Korean	Ukrainian
German	Malay	Vietnamese

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews

www.diagram.com.ua
2000-2024