Photovoltaic systems with generators. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Alternative energy sources
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When working together, photovoltaic systems and other power generators can meet a more diverse demand for electricity more conveniently and at a lower cost than either alone. When electricity is needed continuously or there are periods when more is needed than the photovoltaic array alone can produce, a generator can effectively supplement it. During the daytime, photovoltaic modules meet the daily energy requirement and charge the battery. When the battery is discharged, the motor-generator turns on and runs until the batteries are recharged.
In some systems, the generator makes up for the lack of energy when the electricity consumption exceeds the total capacity of the PV modules and batteries. Systems that use different types of power generators combine the advantages of each of them. The engine-generator generates electricity at any time of the day. As such, it provides an excellent backup power source for duplicating photovoltaic modules at night or on a stormy day depending on the whims of the weather. On the other hand, the photovoltaic module operates silently, requires no maintenance and does not emit pollutants into the atmosphere. The combined use of photovoltaic cells and generators can reduce the initial cost of the system. If there is no backup installation, the PV modules and batteries must be large enough to provide power at night.
However, using the motor generator as a standby means that fewer PV modules and batteries are required to meet the demand for electricity. The presence of a generator makes the design of the system more complex, but it is still fairly easy to manage. In fact, modern electronic control allows these systems to operate automatically. The controllers can be programmed to automatically switch to either generator or battery charging, or a combination of these functions.
In addition to the motor-generator, electricity from a wind turbine, a small hydroelectric power plant or another source can be used, thus forming a larger hybrid power plant.
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