Solar collectors. Solar collector diagram. Scheme, description

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Solar collectors. Solar collector diagram. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Alternative energy sources

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Components of the solar water heating installation circuit between the collector and the storage tank:

Ensure fast delivery of water to the consumer, with a maximum delay of 10-20 seconds. Pipes must be made of stainless materials.
A one-way valve prevents the return flow of the coolant at night and allows you to empty the tank (not needed in all systems).
Expansion tank - either an open container installed on top of the system, or a sealed expansion tank containing at least 5% of the heat transfer fluid.
Overpressure protection (only in combination with a hermetic expansion tank) - drains the coolant in case the liquid in the system boils. It is common to use a safety valve and a non-return valve, or a non-return valve in combination with a pipe that relieves excess pressure caused by the expansion of the volume of liquid when heated.
Air outlets - automatic or just screws; necessary at all high points in the system, as air pockets will inevitably occur there.
Pump dirt trap to remove dust and dirt (not required for all installations).
Manometers and thermometers - as needed.
The heat transfer fluid must be frost-resistant and non-toxic.

Solar collectors. Solar collector diagram

Usually a tested mixture is used: water and 40% propylene glycol (withstands frost down to minus 20°C), plus a colored substance with a characteristic taste, which allows you to notice the flow of coolant into the water supply. Sometimes oil is used as a coolant, but in this case the system is difficult to seal.

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