We are building our own small wind farm. Scheme, description

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We are building our own small wind farm. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Alternative energy sources

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The author of the article, a schoolboy from the Kursk region Seryozha Kurnev, writes:

"Have you tried harnessing the wind to make it work for you! After all, wind energy is one of the cheapest and most easily accessible! I'm not suggesting building windmills, as they did in the old days, or a complex modern wind turbine. even a small, low-powered one, I think every family living in the countryside, every school can do it.

The energy generated by the wind turbine is enough to turn on the pump for watering the garden or garden to light up the house or classroom. "

In a letter, he sent sketches of his future installation. We showed them to engineer Vyacheslav Nikolaevich Shumeev, he carefully studied the sketches, finalized them and now offers them to the readers.

Seryozha Kurnev used a wind turbine scheme with a self-rotating drum, known since ancient times.

The device consists of two halves of a hollow cylinder, which, after cutting it, were moved apart from the common axis (see Fig. 1A). The resulting body had a pronounced aerodynamic asymmetry. The flow of air flowing across its axis seemed to slide off the convex side of one half-cylinder. But the other, facing the wind like a pocket, offered considerable resistance. The drum turned, the half-cylinders changed places faster and faster, and the turntable thus quickly spun.

It is this principle, perhaps not knowing about it, that Seryozha Kurnev took as the basis for his future wind farm.

Such a scheme compares favorably with a wind turbine with a propeller turntable. Firstly, it does not require great precision in manufacturing and provides a wide choice of materials used. Secondly, it is compact.

Judge for yourself. The power of the generator, driven by a drum with a diameter of only about a meter, will be the same as using a three-blade propeller with a diameter of 2,5 m! And if the propeller turntable needs to be installed on a high bar or on the roof of the house (this is required by safety precautions), then the turntable-drum can be placed directly on the ground, under a canopy. The drum also has a number of other advantages: high torque at low speeds (which means that you can either do without a gearbox at all, or use the simplest one-stage one), the absence of a brush current-collecting mechanism.

Seryozha offers a two-bladed drum, but we advise increasing the number of blades to four (Fig. 1). The traction characteristics of such an installation will improve significantly.

We make our own small wind farm
Fig.1. The appearance of the wind turbine

So, let's start with the manufacture of the drum (Fig. 2). The blades can be made from plywood, roofing iron, duralumin sheet or plastic sheet of suitable sizes. In any case, try to avoid using excessively thick workpieces - the rotor should be light. This will reduce friction in the bearings, which means that the drum will be easier to spin by the wind.

We make our own small wind farm
Fig.2. The principle of operation of the wind turbine

If you use roofing iron, reinforce the vertical edges of the blades by placing a metal bar with a diameter of 5-6 mm under the flanging. If you decide to make the details of the turntable from plywood (its thickness should be 5-6 mm), do not forget to soak the blanks with hot drying oil. The drum cheeks can be made of wood, plastic or light metal. When assembling the drum, do not forget to coat the joints with thick oil paint.

We make our own small wind farm
Fig.3. Wind turbine design: 1 - resistor; 2 - generator stator winding; 3 - generator rotor; 4 - voltage regulator; 5 - reverse current relay; 6 - ammeter; 7 - battery; 8 - fuse; 9 - switch.

The crosspieces connecting the individual blades to the rotor are best welded or riveted from steel strips with a section of 5 x 60 mm. Wood can also be used: the thickness of the workpiece is at least 25 mm, the width is 80 mm.

The axis for the turntable is easiest to make from a two-meter piece of steel pipe with an outer diameter of about 30 mm. Before choosing a workpiece for the axle, find two ball bearings, preferably new ones. By matching the dimensions of the tube and bearings, you save yourself the trouble of fitting the tube to the inner races of the bearings. The steel crosses of the rotor are welded to the axis, the wooden ones are fastened with epoxy glue and steel pins with a diameter of 5-6 mm, passing simultaneously through each cross and pipe. Mount the blades with M12 bolts. Carefully check the distance from the blades to the axis: they should be the same - 140-150 mm. After assembling the drum, again cover the joints of the parts with thick oil paint.

The main element of the installation is ready, it remains to make a frame by welding or riveting it from a metal corner (a wooden version is also suitable). Install the ball bearings on the finished frame. Make sure that there is no skew, otherwise the rotor will not be able to rotate easily. Cover all the details of the installation twice with oil paint, fix a set of pulleys of various diameters at the lower end of the axle. Connect the belt thrown over the turntable pulley to an electric current generator, such as a car. The constructed sample of a wind power plant at a wind speed of 9-10 m/s will be able to provide the power transmitted to the generator equal to 800 watts.

But what if the weather is calm or the wind is too weak to provide the necessary electricity? There will be no interruptions in the generation of electricity if you use an energy storage device - a battery. There is wind - send electricity directly to the consumer, there is no wind - turn on the batteries charged from the wind turbine. In Figure 3, we have shown a schematic diagram of the electrical circuit of such a wind turbine.

If the windmill is to be used for watering a vegetable garden or orchard, it must be mounted directly above the water source.

See other articles Section Alternative energy sources.

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