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AT LEISURE
To help the erudite. Database on the history, geography, biology, science, technology, sport, culture, traditions of the peoples of the world. According to the materials of the press and the Internet.
From May 31, a women's taxi began to work in Dubai. The head of the Dubai Transport Company (DTC) explained this by the fact that they very often receive letters from women who do not want to ride in a taxi where the driver is a man. (turgid.ru/news.phtml) In the 3rd millennium BC. veil (veil) was the privilege of aristocrats. It was forbidden to wear women of easy virtue. She was credited with magical power, and if a woman entered the house without removing it, this meant that she wished death to its inhabitants. On the site of the Fish Market (Place du Marche), which lay at the intersection of former Roman roads, Count Siegfried built the fortress of Luciliburhuk (later Lutzelburg, that is, the Little Fortress), now Luxembourg. It is historically incorrect to believe that the first fireworks in Russia began to be arranged during the time of Peter I. For the first time in Rus', fireworks were seen in 1389 under Dmitry Donskoy. Then they rarely arranged, and materials were imported mainly from Germany. The first Russian craftsmen appeared around 1545. At that time, an archery regiment was established, under which the Gunpowder Manager was in the service. In Moscow, the first fireworks were shown in 1683 on Sparrow Hills. (Domovoy, No5 1994) In the old days, Russians called Stockholm the glass city. In fact, its name comes from the word log (stockar). According to legend, the Estonians, having destroyed the city of Sigtuna in 1187, wanted to lay down their city. They threw a log into the waters of Lake Malaren, and where it landed on the shore, they founded a new settlement. According to historical sources, Prince Birger Jaarl (1252) is considered the founder of the city. The founder of the modern dynasty of Swedish kings, Jean Baptiste Jules Bernadotte - Frenchman, Napoleonic marshal. He was adopted by the elderly senile Charles XIII, and after his death became Charles XIV. A consistent supporter of Swedish neutrality, patron of the arts and sciences, a law-abiding citizen, he ruled for 25 years and died mourned by his subjects. Imagine the surprise of the king's associates when they found a tattoo on his arm that read Death to Kings! Laxodormia is a line that intersects all meridians at the same angle. The beginning of this dynasty was laid by Thomas the Rhymer, a popular hero of British history, according to legend, carried away by fairies to no one knows where. Although according to another version, Macbeth, the Scottish king, ordered to kill him for being too insightful. Several centuries later, one of his descendants moved to Russia, where he gave rise to the M.Yu. Lermontov, who, unlike his ancestor, failed to leave heirs (at least officially). Semolina is obtained from wheat. The ballpoint pen was invented by J. Laud, however, their commercial production is associated with the French manufacturer Marcel Bish, who, in order to make his surname easily remembered by the Americans, slightly changed it to Bik. In 1763, Lomonosov, in his work On the Layers of the Earth, suggested the existence of the South Earth, covered with descending snows. There are five forms of plague: septic, intestinal, skin, pneumonic, and bubonic. (Ivashentsev G.A., Course of acute infectious diseases) The word artel, derived from the Turkic orta - community, first appeared in Russia in the acts of the second half of the XNUMXth century, replacing the word gang. The invention of theater posters is attributed to the Spanish poet Cosma d'Oviedo, although they were found during the excavations of Pompeii. The commander of the Greek trireme was the triarch, the second officer - the proreus - the watch officer, the third - the pentocoptarch, performing administrative functions. The task of the senior officer - the current navigator - was to control the ship. This officer was called cybernetos. (H. Hanke People, ships, oceans. Ed. Shipbuilding, 1976, p. 32) Since 1787, England began to exile criminals to Australia. Prior to that, they were exiled to North America. In the Middle Ages, parrots were kept in large numbers in the Vatican. From this came their name, which in Latin sounds like papa gallo - the papal rooster. Ice-free areas in Antarctica are called oases. Pieces, deprived of protection, chess players call hanging. (Chess: Encyclopedic Dictionary / Editor-in-Chief A.E. Karpov. - M.: Sov. Enc., 1990, p. 62) For the first time, time control was applied in the match Harwitz - Leventhal in 1853, and from the second half of the 1990th century. it has become ubiquitous. (Chess: Encyclopedic Dictionary / Editor-in-Chief A.E. Karpov. - M.: Sov. Enc., 173, p. XNUMX) For the first time, the word prisoner appeared in the nominal decree of Peter I of June 17, 1718. It has been included in civil circulation since 1816 and replaces the terms stockman and slave. Aegis is a goatskin shell. (Homer. Iliad; Translated from ancient Greek by N. Gnedich - M: Dune, 1993, p. 428) Giuseppe Garibaldi was born in Nice in 1807. He served with the Tunisian Bey, then fought for a long time for the Republic of the Rio Grande against Brazil, and in 1843 for Uruguay against the Argentine dictator Rozas. The ancient Greeks and Romans called the history of ancient times - archeology. (Kovalev S. I. History of ancient society - L, 1937, p. 29) Auto-da-fe - in Spain and Portugal, the procession that accompanied the execution of the condemned by the Inquisition. (Encyclopedic Dictionary edited by F. A. Brockhaus and I. A. Efron. Polradis, St. Petersburg, 1994, vol. 4, p. 479) Sudan - in the XIX century. that was the name of the whole of Africa from Guinea to the Sahara, and now only one of the African countries is called that. Any union between two or more states is called an alliance. The owners of French zoos are faced with a problem - too rapid reproduction of rare animals. A baby hippo, two Sumatran tiger cubs, a female black panther, a baby buffalo, a Humboldt penguin and two kangaroo cubs were born in Amneville Zoo alone in May. According to veterinarians, representatives of the fauna living in zoos are not in danger, and they begin to breed. Looks like the only way out is contraception. (Metro newspaper (St. Petersburg), No48, Wednesday, 28.06.2000/XNUMX/XNUMX) In the XNUMXth century, in the armies of many European countries, there were special units equipped with falcons and gyrfalcons. They were designed to hunt for carrier pigeons of the enemy. In Italian, the word mafia comes from Arabic, where it comes from an ancient Indian expression denoting beauty and courage combined with greatness. During the days of national mourning, Libyan television operates in black and white. Regarding the invention of yeast by the Egyptians, Herodotus wrote in surprise: All people are afraid that the food will not rot, and the Egyptians knead it so that it rots. In ancient Rome, colleagues were called people under the auspices of the same god. For Fellah Arabs, the death of one date palm is equivalent to the death of 100 righteous people. The mailing list host is busy organizing the X International Festival White Nights - City Cat. The next issue of the newsletter will be released on Monday, July 3rd. The largest number of documents on Rambler'e was found for the word person - 349,963, and the largest number of documents on Altaviste was found for the word Internet - 57,880,018. (Yurik L. My computer 18 p.12) Liman is the Greek word for bay. After World War II, many Sicilians were opposed to the island remaining part of Italy. In their dreams, they linked the future of the island with the United States and wanted Sicily to become the 49th state. (Polken H., Sceponik H. Who is not silent, he must die - 2nd ed. - M .: Thought, 1980 - p. 146) The forms of headdresses, most often hats, resemble the shape of the roofs of houses in various countries of the world. (krasota.ru/) The Latin name for nitrogen - nitrogenium literally means giving birth to saltpeter. Crib - this ancient Greek word in the Middle Ages came into Latin, and from it into Polish, where it began to mean - a smeared piece of paper. From here, through the Ukrainian burses, it came to Russia. General A. D. Butovsky was the founder of the development of physical culture in the Nikolaev army. In addition to Russian awards, in 1896 the general was also awarded the Greek Order of the Savior for participating in the organization of the first Olympic Games. Recently a book was published in Leipzig called One Hundred Words Most Frequently Used in the 20th Century. The first word in this book is genocide, the second is sex, the third is mafia. If there was a crown on the coat of arms of a knight of an ancient European family, then the number of teeth in it indicated the number of crusades in which his family participated. If there was a fortress wall, then this was indicated by the number of battlements on the wall. If there was a plume, then the number of campaigns was indicated by the number of feathers in it. According to the canons of the Orthodox Church, the saints on the icons are supposed to be depicted in monastic attire. There is only one exception to this rule: in 1724, by a special decree of the Synod, it was ordered that St. Alexander Nevsky be depicted not in monastic, but in princely attire. An ancient Greek proverb says: One must pray to the gods for a healthy mind in a healthy body. Kelvin once said about a soap bubble: Make it and look at it: you can spend your whole life studying it, without ceasing to learn from it the lessons of physics. The layered cake Napoleon was first made in Russia in 1912. Since 1976, when the death penalty was restored in the United States, one in seven of those sentenced to capital punishment, as it turned out, died innocently. (Li beracion, Paris, 27.05.2000/XNUMX/XNUMX) According to the canons of the Orthodox Church, holy monks (they are usually called reverend) are supposed to be depicted on icons in monastic attire (in cassocks, mantles, schemas, hoods, etc.). There is only one exception to this rule: in 1724, by a special decree of the Synod, it was ordered that St. Alexander Nevsky be depicted not in monastic, but in princely attire. Note: Holy monastic women have an apostle (cloak) on their heads, covering their hair and shoulders. A hood can be depicted on top of the apostles. (The information has been corrected and supplemented after the remark of Dmitry d'Arakhchyan (Moscow), a man similar to the archpriest) The Holy Roman Empire ceased to exist after the defeat of Austria by Napoleon in 1804. Among the ancient Greeks, philosophers who study nature were called physicists. Phobos and Deimos are the sons of Mars. Prince Sultan bin Salman Abdulaziz Al Saud, the nephew of the king of Saudi Arabia, made a seven-day flight on the Discovery spacecraft in 1985. Robert Boyle (1627-1691) was the first English scientist to break the tradition of writing scientific papers in Latin. All of his books were written in English. For more than seventy years, Time magazine has been honored with the title of Person of the Year. In 1949 W. Churchill became the man of half a century, and in 1989 M. Gorbachev was named the man of the decade. Marshal Tukhachevsky could be a good violinist or violin maker. They say that, while at the front, he played for 2 hours a day, and D. Oistrakh spoke well of the violins that he himself made. For about 250 years, the Museum of Tula Blacksmithing has existed in Vienna. Until 1917, Russia was one of the world's leading exporters of ivory. These were mammoth tusks found in Yakutia. In 1532, in a battle with the conquistadors on the Orinoco River, the Indians launched a chemical attack. They poured red pepper powder on hot coals and acrid smoke, which was carried by the wind against the enemy, put the Spaniards to flight. During the excavations of the Palace of Knossos on the island of Crete, Arthur John Evans, seeing one of the frescoes, exclaimed: What a seductive creature! Now this fresco is known as the Parisienne. When George V was young, he wrote a letter to his grandmother, Queen Victoria, asking him to send him pocket money. Grandmother has a letter with an answer about the inadmissibility of asking for money in this way. The grandson replied: Thanks for the advice, but I still need the money and I sold your letter for 4 pounds. All newspapers before the 24th century had a small book-sized format. When the stamp fee was introduced in England according to the number of pages (pages), and not according to the size of the page itself, newspapers dramatically increased their format. It got to the point that the most authoritative of them, the London Times, began to come out in the size of 32xXNUMX cm. Studying the speech features of different peoples, philologists have found that the French speak the fastest in the world: 350 words per minute. Polynesians are recognized as the most silent: in a minute they squeeze out only 50 words from themselves. The birthplace of the real French Cahors is the small town of Cahors. Four of the six Swiss banknotes feature portraits of scientists. For 10 Swiss francs - Leonhard Euler, for 20 - Horace Benedict de Sausure, for 50 - Konrad Gessner, for 1000 - Auguste Forel. The Italian playwright and poet Vittorio Alfieri (1749-1803) tied himself to a chair in order to cultivate diligence and perseverance. In 1999, in the United States, newborn boys were most often given the name Jacob, and girls were given the name Emily. In the UK, Jack and Chloe respectively prevailed among newborns. In the Brazilian state of São Paulo, 1999 policemen were shot dead by local mafia killers during 282. (Blick, Zurich, 12.12.1999) The Russian Tsar Peter III had an excellent toy army. The tsar daily reviewed the warriors dressed in full dress uniforms, rearranging the figures so that different soldiers stood on guard. In the Bible, the pig is mentioned 2 times, the sheep - 45 times, the goat - 88, the dog - 14, the lion - 89 times. (didyouknow.com) Helen Marshall was the first flight attendant in the world. She had to wind the clock in the cockpit, kill flies, clean - if necessary - the shoes of passengers and ensure that passengers did not throw cigarette butts through the window. This was in 1930. The director of the Prague Opera, Bondini, specially summoned Giacomo Casanova to Prague to correct the libretto of the opera Don Giovanni for Mozart. The name of the Mururoa atoll is translated from one of the dialects of the Polynesian language as the Place of the Great Mystery. The ancient Romans called the pomegranate the Punic apple. The British noticed that in the spring this plant first appears yellow inflorescences - baskets, and then round-heart-shaped leaves with large teeth along the edge unfold. That is why they called him son-before-father (son before father). And in Russia, this plant is called coltsfoot. Tirolamo Frakastro was a philosopher, physician, poet, astrologer and court physician to Pope Paul III. He wrote a treatise on syphilis Syphilis sive carmen de morbo gallico, where this disease was first called syphilis - after a shepherd from Greek mythology. In XII-XVII in Rus', black people were called those who paid all types of taxes and performed duties in favor of the state. The first film by the Lumiere brothers was called The Exit of the Workers from the Lumiere Factory. The Germans call it peppered bread (pfeffercucher), the British - gingerbread (gingerbread), the French - spice bread (pain d'epice), and the Russians - gingerbread. Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meyer believed that a woman's legitimate workplace was the kitchen. Dessert is the last dish on the table. When the Nobel Prize winners are announced, they do it in five languages: Swedish, French, German, English and Russian. It was these languages that Nobel spoke fluently. On the drinking goblet of Ivan the Terrible was the inscription: Drunkenness is evil, wine is good. The nymph Daphne did not want to become the wife of Apollo, the god of poetry and arts, and, running away from him, was turned into a laurel tree. Marengo is the name of a dye made from black fabric with a gray tint. However, in the Italian town of Marengo there is no chemical or textile production. Marengo is known to others: in 1800, Napoleon defeated the Austrian army there. One of the French textile workers gave a fashionable name to the black and gray fabric from which Napoleon's trousers were sewn. (Chemistry and Life, 1973, N11, p. 61) The typographical set for the first time began to be made for book printing from beech - hence the Russian word letter; in German beech - Buchе - hence the German Buch and the English Book - a book. (Chemistry and Life, 1977, N5, p. 78) At the confluence of the Tigris and Euphrates is the small town of El Qurna, unremarkable. A tree grows in the vicinity of this city, attracting crowds of tourists who seek to take pictures with it. On a tablet mounted on a tree, it is written: On this sacred place, where the Tigris merges with the Euphrates, the tree of our forefather Adam grows, symbolizing the gardens of Eden on Earth. (O.V. Gerasimov Oriental patterns, M .: Nauka. Publishing company Oriental literature, 1993, p. 163) In the Netherlands in the XIV - XV centuries, there were two groups that fought internecine struggle. One called itself the Hooks, i.e. hooks, and the second - cable - cod. (J. Huizinga. Autumn of the Middle Ages, M .: Nauka, 1988, p. 469) Various stories date the end of the Middle Ages to different dates: 1453, 1492, 1517, 1566, 1648 and even 1789 (J. Huizinga. Autumn of the Middle Ages, M .: Nauka, 1988, p. 496)
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