Weather records. Water. Tourist tips

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Weather records. Water. Tourist tips

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Related weather records water.

Wettest place

In terms of precipitation per year, the wettest place in the world is Tutunendo in Colombia - 11770 mm per year, which is almost 12 meters. On the 5th floor of the Khrushchev five-story building will be knee-deep.

Russia The wettest place in Russia is registered on Ushakov Island, the Severnaya Zemlya archipelago, where the relative average annual air humidity is 91%. Considering that cold, like heat, with high humidity is much more difficult to tolerate, this place can be considered the most dank on Earth.

The heaviest rains

The record level of precipitation (1870 mm in 24 hours, which is 18652 tons per hectare of land) was recorded in Cilaos (1200 m above sea level) Reunion Island, Indian Ocean, on March 15 and 16, 1952. For a calendar month, the record (9300 mm in July 1961) belongs to the town of Cherrapunji, Meghalaya, India. The same Cherrapunji holds a record for the year - 26461 mm from August 1, 1860 to July 31, 1861 26,5 m - a normal 9-storey building under the roof.

The highest annual precipitation (3900 mm) in the territory of the CIS countries was recorded in Adjara, Georgia, at the Tsiskara weather station.

The heaviest rain

The rain that fell on November 26, 1970 in Barst, Guadeloupe, Lesser Antilles, is considered to be a record in terms of power, during which 38,1 mm of precipitation fell per minute. But the daily record belongs to the Indian Ocean - 1180 mm per day. (Moscow receives an average of 650 mm of precipitation per year).

The largest amount of precipitation per day (350 mm) on the territory of the former USSR was noted in Lanchkhut, Georgia, on September 28, 1943.

Most rainy days

On Mount Wai Ale Ale (1569 m above sea level), the island of Kauai, Hawaii, it rains up to 350 days a year.

Record number of thunderstorm days

In the town of Tororo, Uganda, during 1967-1976, an average of 251 days per year was thunderstorms. Between 35°N and 35°S every 12 hours at night, 3200 lightning strikes are recorded, some peals of thunder are heard at 29 km. On the territory of the CIS, the largest number of thunderstorm days is observed in the mountainous regions of the Caucasus up to 70 thunderstorm days a year (Kalinino).

The heaviest hailstones.

Hailstones of record weight (1.02 kg) and up to 20 cm in diameter caused the death of 92 people in Gopalganj, Bangladesh, on April 14, 1986. in addition, several dozen elephants died

On April 20, 1888, a hailstorm in the city of Muradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India claimed 246 lives,

The longest fogs

Fog at sea level with a visibility of less than a kilometer lasts for weeks (more than 120 days a year) in the area of the Great Newfoundland Bank, Canada.

Humidity discomfort

A person's well-being depends not only on temperature, but also on humidity, solar radiation, wind strength and the ratio of these parameters. To assess the level of comfort in places with a hot climate, the temperature-humidity index (HWM) is used, which is calculated by the formula 2/5 of the sum of dry and wet thermometer readings +15. A TTI of 98,2 has been recorded twice in Death Valley, California, USA; July 27, 1966 (49°C and 37% humidity) and August 12, 1970 (47.5°C and 37% humidity)

The largest number of flood victims

In October 1887, the Huang He (Yellow River) in Huai'an Co, China overflowed its banks, causing the death of 900000 people. Despite devastating seasonal floods, the Yellow River is experiencing water shortages and is the largest river to dry up. In the summer of 1997, its lower reaches completely dried up for more than 140 days, leaving peasant plots without water. The dry periods of the river are becoming longer, threatening 7 million hectares of agricultural land, the source of food for 52 million people.

The largest number of people left homeless as a result of floods. In September 1978, the monsoon rains caused severe flooding in the state of West Bengal, India, 130 people drowned, 15 million were cut off from the outside world, 44 million were left homeless. 26000 cattle died and 1,3 million houses were destroyed. Economic damage is estimated at 11,3 million dollars, but unofficial sources consider this figure to be underestimated by 3 times.

Highest death toll due to geyser eruption

In August 1903, 4 people died in the eruption of the Waimangu geyser, New Zealand. When the eruption began, the victims were 27 meters from the geyser, but their bodies were found at a distance of 800 m. One of the dead was squeezed between stones, the body of another was on a tree.

Highest death toll from dam failure

In August 1975, the almost simultaneous failure of the Banzhao and Shimantano dams in the Chinese province of Henan caused the deaths of 230000 people.

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Increasing the life of ultracold molecules 17.08.2021

The study of molecules cooled to very low temperatures is important for the development of quantum simulations, precision measurements, ultracold chemistry, and more. To do this, physicists need to learn how to cool them, collect and hold them, and also protect them from destruction. The latter factor significantly limits the range of experiments and phenomena that scientists could investigate in such systems.

The main channel for the decay of ultracold molecules is their inelastic collisions with each other. To avoid them, scientists use screening, that is, the creation of additional repulsion between molecules at distances at which inelastic interaction processes begin. To date, shielding of atoms and molecules has already been implemented by many different methods. For example, scientists have learned how to protect ultracold KRb molecules from each other using constant electric fields. Despite the progress made, physicists are constantly looking for new regimes that would increase the lifetime of such molecules.

Researchers from Korea and the US, with the participation of Tijs Karman from the University of Cambridge, used microwave radiation to shield two CaF molecules held by optical tweezers from each other. They showed that by controlling the parameters of the external fields, it is possible to switch molecules between the screening and anti-screening modes, changing their lifetime by a factor of 24.

The idea of such screening is based on the concept of "dressed" states. If a two-level system is irradiated ("clothed") with a resonant alternating field, then the population of its states will oscillate with the Rabi frequency. By controlling the field parameters, it is possible to ensure that between molecules in "dressed" states, a strong long-range dipole-dipole interaction arises, which can be both attractive and repulsive. The latter depends, among other things, on which states are "dressed" by the field.

To implement this principle, the authors preliminarily prepared two CaF molecules, each caught in its own trap of optical tweezers, by applying a magnetic field of 27 gauss. After that, physicists for some time pushed them together in the presence of a microwave field, carried them in different directions and, using the lambda imaging method, looked at whether they fell apart or not. Thus, the scientists were able to plot the proportion of "surviving" molecules depending on the time of interaction. By changing the configuration of "dressed" states, the authors could influence this number by comparing it with the number of "naked" molecules that were not exposed to microwaves.

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