Providing first aid for closed injuries

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FUNDAMENTALS OF FIRST AID
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Providing first aid for closed injuries

Fundamentals of First Aid (OPMP)

Directory / Fundamentals of First Aid

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К closed injuries relate:

1) bruises;

2) damage to ligaments and tendons;

3) dislocations.

Bruises - closed injuries of soft tissues without violating the integrity of the skin, which occur when struck with a blunt object, when falling on a hard surface.

First aid for traumatic bruises. In order to prevent hemorrhage, it is necessary to hold the cold at the site of the bruise, provide the affected organ with absolute rest and apply a pressure bandage. In case of bruises of the head, chest, abdomen, accompanied by severe pain and deterioration of the general condition, the victim must be urgently shown to the doctor.

Sprain or damage to the ligamentous apparatus of the joint occurs with sudden impulsive movements in the joint, significantly exceeding the limits of normal mobility in it, or may be the result of a direct blow to a tense tendon.

The most common injuries of the ligaments of the ankle, interphalangeal, wrist and knee joints, while the smoothness of the contours of the joint, limitation of function and pain in the projection of the damaged ligaments are determined.

First aid:

1) application of cold to the joint area;

2) immobilize the joint with a fixing 8-shaped bandage;

3) give painkillers to drink;

4) send to the emergency room.

The tendons most commonly injured are the extensor tendons of the fingers, the quadriceps femoris, and the calcaneal (Achilles) tendon. First aid consists in immobilizing the limb with improvised means in a position that ensures the convergence of the ends of the tendon.

Dislocation - this is a displacement of the articulated ends of the bones with damage to the joint capsule and ligamentous apparatus of the joint. With a dislocation, acute pain, joint deformity, limitation of active and passive movements, and a forced position of the limb appear.

Dislocations in large joints can be accompanied by significant damage to soft tissues, blood vessels and nerve trunks, which determines the urgent direction of the victim to the hospital. First aid for dislocation includes: application of cold, giving an elevated position to the injured limb, immobilization of the damaged joint with improvised means, the need to deliver the victim to a trauma center.

Authors: Alekseev V.S., Zhidkova O.I., Tkachenko N.V.

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