Scarlet fever. Medical care for a child

FUNDAMENTALS OF FIRST AID
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Scarlet fever. Medical care for a child

Fundamentals of First Aid (OPMP)

Scarlet fever - an acute infectious disease that causes hemolytic streptococcus. It releases a special toxin that destroys erythrocytes (red blood cells) and leads to trophic changes in the tissues of the oral mucosa. The throat becomes bright scarlet in color, then the skin turns red and an abundant small dotted rash appears on it. Most often, the causative agent of scarlet fever is transmitted by airborne droplets.

If the disease is mild, then after a week the child recovers. But scarlet fever is dangerous for its complications in the heart and kidneys. It can cause allergic myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle) or glomerulonephritis.

Scarlet fever is treated with antibiotics, which must be prescribed by a doctor. You cannot take medication on your own.

The first symptoms of the disease

1. Severe intoxication, which is manifested by general weakness, rapid fever, headache, nausea and even vomiting.

2. Simultaneously with the first sign, a sore throat appears, especially during swallowing. Enlarged lymph nodes can be felt under the lower jaw and on the neck.

3. The baby's throat becomes bright red (flaming throat). The tongue takes on a bright crimson hue.

4. Purulent foci or plaque sometimes appear on the palatine tonsils.

5. On the first day of illness (!) a small bright red rash appears that covers the entire body of the child. It first appears on the face, and the hallmark of scarlet fever is the presence of a rash-free area of skin from the nose to the chin. The nasolabial triangle stands out for its whiteness against the background of the red skin of the face. Then the rash passes to the arms and legs, focusing on the elbows, armpits, inguinal folds and lower abdomen. The rash may appear as small, fluid-filled blisters. Sometimes children experience itching. The rashes last from 2 to 5 days, and then turn pale and peel off, while the body temperature decreases.

6. A characteristic symptom of scarlet fever: if a blunt object is passed over the reddened skin, a white strip remains, which does not disappear for a long time.

When to contact your local doctor

With the appearance of a characteristic rash and intoxication phenomena, which occur simultaneously with scarlet fever. No emergency assistance required. The district pediatrician will decide for himself whether the child needs hospitalization (in case of a very severe course of the disease).

What to do before the doctor arrives

1. Put the child to bed, isolate from other children, provide him with care and peace.

2. Offer your child to drink more to remove the effects of intoxication.

3. Feed your baby only when he wants to. The patient's food should be enriched with vitamins of groups B, C and P.

Author: Basharova N.A.

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