Instructions on labor protection when dismantling buildings and structures

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Instructions on labor protection when dismantling buildings and structures

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

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Safe Operation

1. General requirements for labor protection

1.1. This instruction has been revised in accordance with SNIP 12-03-99 Safety in construction, taking into account changes and additions, the standards of the State Standard of Russia and the Ministry of Labor of Russia.

1.2. High-risk work includes work in the performance of which there is or may arise an occupational hazard, regardless of the nature of the work. In the production of these works, in addition to the usual safety measures, it is necessary to carry out additional measures developed separately for each specific production operation.

1.3. The list of jobs and professions that are subject to additional (increased) safety requirements should be specified in the order for the enterprise separately.

1.4. Work on dismantling buildings and structures should be carried out only with a permit and after conducting targeted instruction directly at the workplace.

Responsibility for the implementation of measures to ensure the safety of work lies with the heads of enterprises.

1.5. When organizing work (location of work sites, workplaces, production facilities, walkways, sanitary facilities), zones dangerous to people should be established within which dangerous and harmful production factors constantly operate or may arise.

1.6. The zones of permanent hazardous production factors should include workplaces, passages and passages to them, located:

near uninsulated current-carrying parts of electrical installations;
closer than 2 m of unenclosed differences in height by 1,3 m or more;
in places where harmful or dangerous substances are contained in concentrations above the MPC or there are dangerous and harmful physical factors with parameters above the MPC.

1.7. The zones of potentially hazardous production factors should include unprotected and unprotected:

land plots near the building under construction;
floors of buildings and structures in one grip, on which work is carried out (assembly, dismantling, repair of structures or process equipment);
zones of movement of machines, mechanisms, technological equipment or their parts, assemblies, parts, working bodies.
areas over which cargo is moved by cranes.
areas where equipment is located with poisonous, aggressive, flammable liquids, etc., as well as areas where the contractor's personnel may be exposed to hazardous and harmful factors.

1.8. Before starting work in hazardous areas, organizational and technological measures should be taken to ensure the safety of workers, and work should be performed only with a work permit.

1.9. In order to prevent access by persons not related to the performance of work in hazardous areas, before starting work, it is necessary to install protective or signal fences in accordance with the requirements of GOST 23407-78 and inventory fences of construction sites and areas for construction and installation works.

1.10. Performance of work in hazardous areas is allowed only if there is a project for the production of works (PPR) or technological maps containing specific solutions for protecting workers from exposure to hazardous and harmful production factors.

1.11. The following persons are allowed to independently carry out work on dismantling buildings and structures:

not younger than 18 years old;
recognized as fit for their production by the medical commission;
having a work experience in the specified works for at least one year and a tariff category not lower than the 3rd level;
trained and tested knowledge of the rules, norms and instructions for labor protection, including this instruction;
having a certificate for the right to carry out these works;
who have been instructed at the workplace on safety during the performance of work.

1.12. Workers who are first admitted to work on dismantling buildings and structures for one year must also perform work under the direct supervision of experienced workers appointed for this by order of the organization.

2. Labor protection requirements before starting work

2.1. Before starting work, a work permit is issued in 2 copies. The right to issue work permits is granted to specialists authorized to do so by order of the head of the organization.

2.2. The specialists of the organization who have passed the test of knowledge of the rules and norms of labor protection and this briefing should be appointed as responsible managers of the work.

2.3. Foremen, foremen who have been trained and tested knowledge of safety regulations, fire safety rules for this manual may be appointed as responsible executors of work.

2.4. The responsible performer of the work is responsible for the safe performance of work, the observance by the members of the brigade of the safety measures specified in the work permit, the mandatory use of PPE.

2.5. From the moment the team is allowed to work on dismantling buildings and structures, the responsible performer of the work must be at the workplace and constantly supervise the work of the team members and the implementation of safety measures.

2.6. When performing work on dismantling buildings and structures, the team must consist of at least two people, including the responsible person.

2.7. Brigadiers, team leaders, workers are allowed to perform high-risk work on the territory of an operating enterprise; before admission, they must receive targeted instruction with the involvement of responsible employees of the enterprise on whose territory the work is to be performed.

2.8. The issuance and return of permits is registered in the logbook for recording and issuing permits for high-risk work. The magazine, blank forms and closed work orders must be kept by the person issuing them.

2.9. Check the implementation of the security measures provided for by the work permit.

2.10. Conduct targeted safety briefings to team members at the workplace.

2.11. Indicate to each member of the brigade his workplace.

2.12. When performing hot work, issue a separate work permit, present the preparation of the workplace to the responsible employee of the fire supervision.

2.13. Before starting demolition work, it is necessary;

determine the method of demolition of the building, the availability of drawings;
make sure there are no people in the building to be demolished;
disconnect all communications and electrical wiring;
remove LVZh and GZh.

3. Labor protection requirements during work

3.1. The responsible manager is constantly at the work site and monitors the implementation by team members of safety measures and the technological sequence of the demolition work

3.2. It is prohibited to leave structures in a condition where they could be destroyed by wind or vibration.

3.3. Foundation walls that serve as retaining walls to support soil or adjacent buildings should not be demolished until adjacent buildings are equipped with temporary wall support devices or stiffeners and the soil is removed or secured with sheet piling or formwork.

3.4. When using bulldozers or excavators to demolish buildings, the nature of the buildings, their size, and the power of the equipment used should be taken into account.

3.5. When using explosives for demolition of buildings, it is necessary to timely coordinate measures for protection against blast waves, as well as safe distances.

3.6. When using a ball for demolition of buildings, a safe zone at least 1,5 m wide of the height of the building or structure must be installed around the impact points.

3.7. When dismantling floors for the movement of workers, boards or bridges must be laid.

3.8. When dismantling steel structures, it is necessary to take all possible measures to avoid the danger associated with sudden twisting, bending, and destruction of prefabricated steel and iron structures; dismantling is carried out in tiers.

3.9. Prohibit members of the brigade from leaving the work area without permission, to perform work not provided for by the work permit.

3.10. To withdraw the members of the brigade from the place of work for the duration of breaks during the work shift, while the work permit remains with the responsible performer of the work. Resume work after a break, only personally inspecting the workplace.

4. Labor protection requirements in emergency situations

4.1. If equipment defects are found that pose a danger to human life and the integrity of the equipment, immediately stop work, if possible, disconnect the electrical equipment from the mains (if any), take measures to eliminate the accident, and report the incident to the manager.

4.2. If there is a danger of an accident, take measures to prevent it. If an accident occurs, provide first aid to the victim, if necessary, call an ambulance.

4.3. In the event of a fire, immediately call the fire brigade, take people to a safe place and, if possible, remove combustible substances, start extinguishing the fire with primary fire extinguishing equipment, extinguishing with dry sand or a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher. Report the fire to the manager.

5. Labor protection requirements at the end of work

5.1. At the end of the work, remove the team from the place of work. The completion of work is formalized by signatures in the work permit and this order is transferred to the responsible work manager.

Application. Features of the organization and safe production of combined work

1. Combined are construction and installation works that are carried out on the same site, object (building) simultaneously by several organizations (divisions), while their working areas are in contact or overlap one another.

2. Responsibility for the safe organization of joint work in general throughout the entire construction and installation complex rests with the heads of the general contractor.

3. The head of the general contracting organization is obliged to allocate and, by his order, assign sections of the entire construction area, as well as all objects, buildings, structures or parts of them under construction to the divisions of his organization.

The transfer to subcontractors of construction sites of parts of buildings, structures or individual objects for the performance of construction and installation works is formalized by a bilateral act between the general contractor and each subcontractor for the period of performance of these works.

4. The specified subdivisions and organizations in the areas, territories, buildings and structures assigned to them are charged with the obligation to perform the function of a general contractor for the organization and safe production of construction and installation works, as well as monitoring their implementation.

5. The heads of organizations performing the functions of a general contractor in the areas assigned to them are required to develop and agree with subcontractors on the schedule for the production of joint work, labor protection and fire safety measures that are mandatory for all organizations conducting work on this site.

6. Responsibility for the safe organization of combined work at the facility is assigned from the beginning of construction to the transfer of facilities under a bilateral act of a subcontractor - to the heads of departments of the general contractor. After signing a bilateral act of acceptance of the object or its part - to the head of the subcontractor.

7. After completion of work and transfer of the facility to permanent operation - to the head of the operating organization.

8. Responsibility for accidents that occurred with employees of organizations performing joint work is borne by the following officials of the organization:

The person who issued the work permit, if the activities indicated in it, did not ensure the safety of the workers.

Those who did not take the safety measures specified in the work permit.

Leading work on the work permit in the event that they expand the scope of work beyond the limits established by the work permit.

In which the victim works, if the combined work was carried out by this organization without a work permit.

9. The work permit for the performance of combined work in the areas assigned to subcontracting organizations must be issued by responsible employees of these organizations.

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