General concepts of hazardous production facilities and their safety. Occupational Safety and Health

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Free library / Occupational Safety and Health

General concepts of hazardous production facilities and their safety. Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Legislative basis for labor protection

Concept "dangerous production facility" was introduced by the Federal Law of July 21, 1997 No. 116-FZ "On Industrial Safety of Hazardous Production Facilities". In accordance with Art. 2 of the Federal Law "On Industrial Safety of Hazardous Production Facilities", hazardous production facilities are enterprises or their workshops, sections, sites, as well as other production facilities where:

1) the following hazardous substances are obtained, used, processed, formed, stored, transported, destroyed:

a) flammable substances - gases that become flammable at normal pressure and when mixed with air and whose boiling point at normal pressure is 20°C or lower;

b) oxidizing substances - substances that support combustion, cause ignition and (or) contribute to the ignition of other substances as a result of a redox exothermic reaction;

c) combustible substances - liquids, gases, dusts that can ignite spontaneously, as well as ignite from an ignition source and burn independently after its removal;

d) explosives - substances that, under certain types of external influences, are capable of a very rapid self-propagating chemical transformation with the release of heat and the formation of gases;

e) toxic substances - substances that, when exposed to living organisms, can lead to their death and have the following characteristics:

the average lethal dose when administered to the stomach from 15 mg/kg to 200 mg/kg, inclusive;
the average lethal dose when applied to the skin from 50 mg/kg to 400 mg/kg, inclusive;
average lethal concentration in air from 0,5 mg/l to 2 mg/l, inclusive;

f) highly toxic substances - substances that, when exposed to living organisms, can lead to their death and have the following characteristics:

the average lethal dose when injected into the stomach is not more than 15 mg / kg;
the average lethal dose when applied to the skin is not more than 50 mg / kg;
the average lethal concentration in the air is not more than 0,5 mg/l;

g) substances that pose a danger to the natural environment - substances that are characterized in the aquatic environment by the following indicators of acute toxicity:

the average lethal dose during inhalation exposure to fish within 96 hours is not more than 10 mg/l;
the average concentration of poison that causes a certain effect when exposed to daphnia for 48 hours is not more than 10 mg / l;
the average inhibitory concentration when exposed to algae for 72 hours is not more than 10 mg/l;

2) equipment is used that operates under a pressure of more than 0,07 mega-pascal or at a water heating temperature of more than 115 ° C;

3) permanently installed lifting mechanisms, escalators, cable cars, funiculars are used;

4) melts of ferrous and non-ferrous metals and alloys based on these melts are obtained;

5) mining operations, mineral processing operations, as well as work in underground conditions are underway.

It should be noted that in budgetary institutions not related to industrial production, the most common hazardous production facilities are hoisting mechanisms, elevators, excavators, and pressure equipment.

The concept of "industrial safety of hazardous production facilities", used in the Federal Law "On Industrial Safety of Hazardous Production Facilities" (abbreviated as "industrial safety"), is a legal concept of a type of human activity to protect against major accidents.

sphere industrial safetyregulated by Federal Law No. 116-FZ is the safety of production facilities that can cause, cause any harm, cause damage as a result of an accident in the production process, covering the processing, transportation and storage of raw materials, the development of subsoil, the creation of means of production and consumer goods, as well as in the sphere of services and life support of the population. At the same time, the industrial safety of hazardous production facilities is understood mainly as the protection of the individual and society from the consequences of possible accidents at these facilities.

Authors: Fainburg G.Z., Ovsyankin A.D., Potemkin V.I.

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