Safety of production equipment and vehicles. Occupational Safety and Health

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Free library / Occupational Safety and Health

Safety of production equipment and vehicles. Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Legislative basis for labor protection

The main requirements for labor protection in the design machines and mechanisms are human safety, reliability and ease of use.

General safety requirements for production equipment in all sectors of the economy are determined by GOST 12.2.003-91 "Production equipment. General safety requirements", etc.

The equipment must ensure safety requirements during installation, dismantling, operation, repair, transportation and storage, when used separately or as part of complexes and technological systems.

Equipment safety must be ensured:

choice of operating principle, design schemes, safe structural elements, etc.;
application in the design of mechanization, automation and remote control;
the use of protective equipment in the design;
fulfillment of ergonomic requirements;
inclusion of safety requirements in the technical documentation for installation, operation, repair, transportation and storage;
the use of appropriate materials in the construction.

Production equipment, when operated under the conditions established by the operational and repair documentation, should not create a hazard as a result of exposure to humidity, solar radiation, mechanical vibrations, high and low pressures and temperatures, aggressive substances, wind loads, icing, microorganisms, fungi, insects, etc. .P. Production equipment must be fire and explosion proof.

Equipment must comply with safety requirements throughout its entire service life.

At present, three main types of maintenance have been formed in practice: emergency (in fact), preventive (preventive in general), preventive (predicted on the basis of accurate knowledge of the state of the service object).

The technical condition of machinery and equipment from the point of view of its safety should be monitored at the stage of commissioning, as well as during operation in accordance with the technical regulations. In accordance with the requirements of the labor protection instructions, the employee servicing the machine and any equipment is obliged to inform the immediate supervisor of the work about all noticed malfunctions in the operation of machines or equipment.

An important role in ensuring the safety of labor and production is played by the good condition and safe operation of vehicles.

Officials and other persons responsible for the technical condition and operation of vehicles are prohibited from:

release on the line vehicles that have malfunctions, with which it is prohibited to operate or re-equip them without an appropriate permit, or that are not registered in the prescribed manner, or that have not passed the state technical inspection;

allow drivers who are in a state of intoxication (alcoholic, narcotic or otherwise) to drive vehicles, under the influence of drugs that impair reaction and attention, in a sick or tired state that jeopardizes traffic safety, as well as persons who do not have the right to drive vehicles tool in this category.

Safety requirements are also important in the operation of intra-factory transport. The movement of vehicles on the territory of the organization is determined by the main technological cargo flows.

In order to avoid injury to people by intra-factory transport, pedestrian traffic patterns on the territory of the enterprise and workshops and vehicle traffic patterns installed on boards in prominent places should be hung out at the entrance enterprises and in all workshops: at the entrance gate, in the transport workshop, at main interchanges and in other places of heavy traffic of vehicles. In the same places, it is necessary to install signs that organize the movement of transport and workers in the right mode. On the territory of the enterprise for the safe and free movement of workers, sidewalks and transitional galleries should be arranged.

For the movement of third parties located on the territory of the enterprise (naturally, with the permission of the management and for production needs), accompanying persons from among the employees of the enterprise must be allocated.

Increased requirements are imposed on equipment intended for use at hazardous production facilities. In this case, it is called a technical device.

К technical devices used at hazardous production facilities in accordance with the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 11, 1998 No. 928 "On the list of technical devices used at hazardous production facilities and subject to certification", include:

aggregates;
machines and mechanisms;
technical systems and complexes;
technological equipment;
devices and equipment.

In the technical documentation for a technical device, including foreign-made, the manufacturer (supplier) indicates the conditions and requirements for safe operation, the methodology for conducting control tests (checks) of this device and its main components, the service life and service life, the procedure for maintenance, repair and diagnosis.

Technical devices, including those of foreign manufacture, must be certified for compliance with industrial safety requirements and the requirements of regulatory documents for standardization by organizations accredited by Rostekhnadzor, and are subject to industrial safety expertise.

Placement of production equipment should ensure the safety and convenience of its operation, maintenance and repair, taking into account:

reducing the impact on workers of dangerous and harmful production factors to the values established by standards and sanitary norms;
safe movement of workers, their rapid evacuation in emergency cases, as well as the shortest approaches to workplaces, if possible not crossing transport routes;
the shortest paths for the movement of objects of labor and industrial waste with the maximum exclusion of oncoming cargo flows;
safe operation of vehicles, means of mechanization and automation of production processes;
use of protective equipment for workers from exposure to hazardous and harmful production factors;
working areas necessary for the free and safe performance of labor operations, the size of the tools and fixtures used, places for installing, removing and temporarily placing raw materials, blanks, semi-finished products, finished products and production waste, as well as spare and dismantled units and parts;
areas for placing stocks of workpieces, raw materials, semi-finished products, finished products, production waste, technological packaging and similar auxiliary areas;
areas for the placement of stationary platforms, stairs, devices for storing and moving materials, tool tables, electrical cabinets, fire equipment and similar areas of stationary devices;
areas for the placement of communication systems and auxiliary equipment, underground engineering structures (communications) with removable or opening fences and similar communication zones.

Authors: Fainburg G.Z., Ovsyankin A.D., Potemkin V.I.

We recommend interesting articles Section Occupational Safety and Health:

▪ Planning measures for labor protection and development of programs to improve conditions and labor protection in the organization

▪ General principles for the prevention of industrial injuries

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