Admiralty anchors. Drawing, description

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Admiralty anchors. Tips for a modeller

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On rowing and sailing ships of the Middle Ages, four-legged cat anchors and two-horned anchors with a wooden rod, similar to the Admiralty ones, which appeared by the second half of the XNUMXth century, were used. On Portuguese and Spanish caravels and galleons, Dutch flutes, Venetian trabacollas and other ships, the anchors in the stowed position were suspended and fastened by a guy through a block under the bowsprit or lashed horizontally to the gunwale of the bulwark, the strength of which in the cheekbone area was increased due to additional knees.

Blocks, chain hoists, arrows, manual windlasses and wooden bollards were used to lift anchors on these ships. The mistake is made by those ship modellers who, on the model of a sailing ship dating back to the Middle Ages, make krambols and spires. The history of shipbuilding shows that these anchor devices appeared only in the second half of the XNUMXth century.

In the last century, the system of cleaning the Admiralty anchor on the ship has improved. Bulky wooden crumballs and penter beams were replaced with swivel iron cut and fish beams. Later, they were replaced by cranes, which were placed in the tank of the vessel and could freely turn in both directions. In the atom of the case, they began to make a bracket on the anchor spindle, into which the hook of the crane lifting hoists was laid. The anchor, laid on the cheekbone or on the deck of the vessel, was fastened with two chains - pertuline and rustic (for the bracket and for the lower part of the spindle).

These chains with their end links were laid in a special device on the forecastle of the vessel, called the "anchor machine", or "boatswain's rolls". It greatly accelerated and facilitated the return of the anchor. Spare Admiralty anchors were usually stored on the Pack laid flat on the deck. At the atom, the iron rod of the anchor was laid along its spindle.

On sailing ships of the XNUMXth-XNUMXth centuries, Admiralty-type anchors with wooden and iron rods, Roger's anchor and Trotman's anchor were used.

With the establishment of the Admiralty standard in 1852 (its drawings were published in "M-K" No. 4, 1980), which I embodied for myself the most advantageous proportions and forms of the best designs, a certain unification of the drawing is noted in the world production of anchors. The anchors began to resemble each other like twin brothers. Later, the anchor masters of various countries began to change the proportions and shape of the Admiralty anchor, the shape of its paws, at their own discretion.

Rice. 1. Anchor machine. She allowed to release at the same time both rusts and pertulis

Admiralty anchors
Rice. 2. Drawing of a modern Admiralty anchor. Such anchors are made in weight from 50 to 2000 kg.

Admiralty anchors
Rice. 3. Anchor Roger

Admiralty anchors
Rice. 4. Anchor Trotman with swinging horns

Rice. 5. Modern Admiralty anchors

Rice. 6. Shapes of paws of anchors of various companies

Created in ancient times, tested by centuries of experience and brought almost to perfection, the Admiralty-type anchor is by no means completely inferior to rival designs. It can be found on modern sailing training barges and ships, on small sea vessels, lighters, fishing vessels, sports yachts and many others.

Since the middle of the last century, the Trotman anchor has also been used on many military and merchant ships.

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