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HISTORY OF TECHNOLOGY, TECHNOLOGY, OBJECTS AROUND US
Tea bag. History of invention and production
Directory / The history of technology, technology, objects around us A tea bag is a small bag of special filter paper that contains tea. It is used to quickly brew tea with boiling water or hot water.
It is a closed bag of filter paper, usually containing a single dose of tea for a single brew. The bag is usually closed with a metal bracket, because the glue would adversely affect the taste of the tea. Some manufacturers do not close the bag, but simply tie it with a thread. Sometimes there are sachets closed by a thermal method; for this, the inner surface of the filter paper contains a thermoplastic fiber. Most tea bags have a thread that can be easily removed from the finished tea. The shape of the bag may vary. In Europe, rectangular bags are common, which can be single-chamber or double-chamber (in the second case, the bag is two rectangular bags with one common side and has a larger internal volume). Recently, under various brands, the production of tea in pyramidal bags has been expanding - advertising claims that due to the larger volume, tea is better brewed in them; for the first time bags of this form were patented and appeared on the market in 1996. In the UK, flat round pouches without a cord are popular, which fit into the bottom of a cup. In addition to bags designed for brewing one cup of tea, larger ones are also available, for several servings of water, for brewing in a kettle or electric coffee maker. Finally, tea bags without tea are produced, of various sizes, for two or three tablespoons of dry brewing - they allow you to brew any tea (it is simply poured into a bag, which is then tied with a thread) and are simply designed to increase the convenience of brewing and facilitate subsequent cleaning of brewing accessories. In 1904, tea merchant Thomas Sullivan took the first step that would change the entire tea industry. He supplemented the traditional packaging (tin cans) with small samples packaged in silk bags. It was purely a marketing gimmick, but some customers have taken to brewing tea directly in these bags, and this has proven to be a very convenient method. Merchants also quickly appreciated the silk packaging, which made it possible to use small leaves or tea crumbs, which were previously simply thrown away. But, unfortunately, firstly, the bags were expensive, and secondly, the silk gave the tea a strange taste. We tried to use cotton muslin, but in the end we settled on gauze. By the 1930s, about 7 million linear meters of gauze were used for the production of tea bags in the USA alone. The second step was taken by Fay Osborn, an engineer at CH Dexter & Sons (now Dexter Corporation), a paper company based in Connecticut. In the mid-1920s, he came across a box of cigars, each wrapped in very soft, porous, but strong, handmade Japanese paper - perfect for tea. Osborne set out to establish the industrial production of this material and over the next years he tried various types of wood, jute, sisal, palm fibers, cotton - but they all had one or another drawback. The most promising was the use of manila hemp - abaca fibers, or textile banana (Musa textilis), - a material for weaving sea ropes. (Don't confuse manila hemp with regular hemp fiber.) From 1929 to 1931, Osborn was looking for a solvent capable of making the material more porous without reducing strength, and was successful. It took another three years to develop an industrial process. The material that appeared in 1935 was still far from perfect, but clearly superior to gauze. It was used not only for tea, but also for packaging dishes, foodstuffs, and even as electrical insulation. However, with the outbreak of World War II, manila hemp became a strategic raw material for the production of ropes for the navy and all of Dexter's stocks were commandeered by the US government. But by 1942, Osborn had established a process for the production of "recycled" ropes, and since there were not enough of them, he added viscose to the material, which gradually replaced hemp. Two years later, he came up with a new method of making bags using thermal sealing, and in 1947 he developed a melamine reinforcing coating for porous paper. The efforts of Osborne, who perfected tea bags until his retirement in the 1970s, led to the widespread use of tea bags: now almost half of the world's tea is sold in this package (and in some countries, such as the United States, more than 90%). Author: S.Apresov
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