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How did Napoleon's wars unfold? Detailed answer
Directory / Big encyclopedia. Questions for quiz and self-education Did you know? How did Napoleon's wars unfold? In 1793, revolutionary France was able to turn the tide of the war in its favor and remove the threat to its sovereignty. The opportunity opened up for the new France to move along a revolutionary path. But France did not stop at the tasks of implementing revolutionary changes within its own borders. She began to seek to export her valuables outside the country. With the coming to power in France of the Directory, the role of external expansion intensified even more. Actually, the fate of the Directory largely depended on the success of the French army. The role of the army was strengthened even more after Napoleon came to power. The new head of France did not encroach on the main gains of the revolution. But he significantly expanded the powers of the executive branch. Gradually, all power was concentrated in the hands of Napoleon - the first consul, elected for 10 years. The other two consuls had an advisory vote. Legislative power essentially turned into an appendage of the executive. Its functions were reduced to the approval of legislative initiatives, which were introduced by the first consul and the government accountable to him. At the time of Napoleon's coming to power, the internal situation of France was difficult. Realizing that the increase in taxes would not add to his popularity, Napoleon took the path of increasing indirect taxes, reducing taxes on capital. These measures stimulated the industrial development of the country, the process of introducing machine technology into production. It was at this time that the industrial revolution began in France. Napoleon paid great attention to the development of foreign trade, seeing in it a source of spreading French influence and replenishing the treasury. Napoleon had a plan to reorganize all relations in Europe. He began to lean towards the idea of the unification of Europe and its construction on imperial principles. France resumed another round of hostilities in 1805, when a third anti-French coalition was formed, which included England, Austria and the Kingdom of Naples. Napoleon intended to strike the first blow against England. However, in the naval battle at Cape Trafalgar, the Franco-Spanish fleet was defeated by the British under the command of Admiral G. Nelson, and Napoleon had to part with his plans to occupy the British Isles. Then he directed the main blow against Austria, seeking to strengthen his position in the center of Europe. Austria was conquered. In Germany, on the site of numerous states under the auspices of France, the Confederation of the Rhine was created. In 1806, Napoleon announced a blockade of England, but this move caused irritation throughout Europe, which enjoys cheap English goods. The militaristic policy of Napoleon led to disproportions in the development of France. In this regard, Napoleon took a break in the war and went to the signing of the Tilsit peace. Meanwhile, anti-Napoleonic sentiments were growing in Europe itself, manifesting themselves most clearly in Germany and Spain. Europe did not take measures to transform it by force. In France itself, dissatisfaction with the expansionist policies of Napoleon grew. However, Napoleon himself stubbornly sought to establish complete control over the continent. Russia began to appear to him as the main obstacle on this path. By 1812, the contradictions between the two great powers reached a critical level. On June 24, 1812, the French army began the war against Russia. The Patriotic War began in Russia. It ended with the complete defeat of Napoleon's army and its expulsion from the territory of Russia. The defeat of Napoleon in Russia stimulated the growth of anti-French sentiment in Europe. March 31, 1814 Allied troops entered Paris. Napoleon abdicated and was exiled to Fr. Elbe. True, he made an attempt to return to power, but on June 8, 1815, at Waterloo, he was finally defeated. The long period of almost uninterrupted wars that began as early as 1792 and engulfed all of Europe was over. Such events did not pass without a trace for Europe. During these years, the roots of feudalism were cut in Western and Central Europe, and bourgeois relations began to actively develop. Author: Irina Tkachenko
Why is blood most often taken from the ring finger? Blood is most often taken from the ring finger because, compared to the index and middle fingers, it is less used in work. The skin on it is thinner, and the puncture is less painful. The little finger is not used due to the fact that, like the thumb, it is directly connected to the shells of the hand. If an infection is introduced through them, it can quickly spread to the entire arm.
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