How do colors come about? Detailed answer

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How do colors come about? Detailed answer

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How do colors come about?

The light emitted by the Sun or other very hot sources is called white light. But in reality, white is a mixture of different colors. This can be detected when viewed through a glass prism. Light, passing through it, breaks up into different colors: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet. How do different colors come about? Color is determined by the wavelength of light.

Light propagates in space in waves, reminiscent of the movement of waves in bodies of water. The wavelength of a light is the distance between two adjacent crests. It is so small that it is measured in millionths of a millimeter. The shortest visible waves are purple, their length is about 0,0004318 millimeters.

The longest waves are red, their length is 0,0007112 millimeters. Between them are all the other colors of the spectrum, each of which has its own wavelength. Most of the colors we see are not made up of the same wavelength, but a mixture of different wavelengths. Purple, for example, is a mixture of red and purple; brown - red, orange and yellow. Various shades of color are formed by adding a small amount of white; for example, a mixture of red and white produces pink.

Why do objects have a certain color? When white light hits an object, some of the light waves are reflected from it, and some are absorbed. A red object absorbs almost all light waves, with the exception of red ones. He reflects them, they come to our eyes, and the object seems red to us.

Author: Likum A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

Why do we close our eyes when we sneeze?

While sneezing, a person, even for a fraction of a second, closes his eyes. Scientists have not yet figured out the reason for this. According to one hypothesis, this is how the body protects the eyes from germs and bacteria that fly out when sneezing. According to another, this is part of the general reflex, because when you sneeze, many muscles contract not only in the nose and face, but throughout the body.

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New wireless data record 28.05.2016

A team of researchers from the University of Stuttgart and the Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits set a record by transmitting data over a distance of 37 km at a speed of 6 Gbps. This is 10 times faster than modern equipment.

The data was transmitted between two antennas, the first of which was in Cologne, the second - in Wachtberg, located at a specified distance from Cologne. In Cologne, the antenna was installed on a 45-storey building, and in the second city - on the dome of the observatory.

This record speed was achieved using highly efficient transmitters and receivers in the 71-76 GHz band, intended for terrestrial and satellite broadcasting. The problem of signal attenuation during the passage of such a large distance was solved by using monolithically integrated millimeter wave circuits.

These circuits are based on gallium nitride transistors developed by the Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits. Thanks to them, the signal was amplified to a relatively high power of 1 watt. In addition, a highly directional parabolic antenna was used to transmit the signal.

Finally, the receiving antenna was connected to a low self-interference amplifier based on high-performance transistors with indium-gallium-arsenic semiconductor layers for high electron mobility. Such an amplifier made it possible to receive a weakened signal that had traveled such a long distance.

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