What is a seismic belt? Detailed answer

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What is a seismic belt? Detailed answer

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What is a seismic belt?

An earthquake is a shaking, or vibration, of the earth's surface. The real cause of earthquakes lies in the movement of the earth's crust, breaking, during which one rock mass is pushed against another with great force and friction. For this reason, earthquakes do not occur in all parts of the world. They occur only in certain areas, which are called seismic belts.

The most important belt is the Pacific coast, where the largest number of earthquakes occur. This belt starts in southern Chile, reaches the Pacific coast of South America and Central America (including the Caribbean coast), runs along the Mexican coast to California and continues to Alaska. But this is not the end of the belt. It continues from Alaska to Kamchatka. Passing through the Kuril and Aleutian Islands, it reaches Japan, the Philippines, Indonesia, New Guinea and numerous South Pacific islands. Most earthquakes in the history of the Earth are associated with the Pacific seismic belt.

But there is another seismic belt, originating in Japan and going to China, India, Iran, Turkey, Greece and the Mediterranean. In some areas, such as Japan, earthquakes occur almost every day. Fortunately, most of them are not strong and do not cause much damage. At the same time, the UK has not experienced a major earthquake since the Ice Age thousands of years ago.

Author: Likum A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

What was the purpose of zebra-patterned ships in World War I?

In the First World War, special camouflage was widely used for ships, mainly in the British and American navies - the ship was painted in fragmentary, intersecting stripes or patterns in contrasting colors. The purpose of such camouflage was not to hide the ship, but to make it as difficult as possible for the enemy to calculate its course and speed. Military historians still find it difficult to determine the economic effectiveness of this protection - due to the very large number of different patterns, it is not possible to say which one was better, and whether they were, in principle, noticeably better than the traditional plain color. Similar camouflage was also seen in World War II, but the advent of radar eliminated all arguments in its support.

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A frost-resistant potato variety has been developed 04.11.2021

The ARS research team and their partners in Peru and the US combined two wild potato species from South America and developed hybrids that could withstand hard frosts. Work continued for several years, resulting in a variety with the greatest ability to tolerate frost.

According to John Bamberg, project manager and geneticist for ARS Vegetable Research in Madison, Wisconsin, the varieties went through rigorous testing before final selection to determine their cold tolerance.

For several years, a group of scientists from the United States and Peru have been evaluating potato varieties for frost resistance. Ultimately, wild potato varieties - Solanum acaule and Solanum commersonii - were selected for breeding work, which showed the greatest resistance to low temperatures.

The breeders then crossed the two varieties and evaluated their hybrids. Before the final selection, the varieties were thoroughly tested for resistance to cold. To do this, the team of scientists used a modified household freezer that mimics natural frost during the night and a laboratory test to measure the level of damage to cell membranes.

As a result, the bred potato variety was tested in the field in several regions of Peru, where it showed good yields and high frost resistance.

Frost damage can occur in any region and at any time throughout the United States. In 2019, potato farmers in eastern Idaho alone lost about 30% of their crop due to off-season frosts. Also, low temperatures can degrade the quality of the potatoes themselves, which can negatively affect the quality of seeds for the next crop.

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