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BIG ENCYCLOPEDIA FOR CHILDREN AND ADULTS
Who was the first to extract oil? Detailed answer
Directory / Big encyclopedia. Questions for quiz and self-education Did you know? Who was the first to extract oil? Crude oil, which is produced on the surface of the Earth, was known to ancient people. It was sometimes used in lamps and torches. In the United States, there are large deposits of oil in the Alleghan Mountains. In some places, oil lies so close to the surface of the Earth that it breaks out in a jet. Crude oil was used as a medicine and soon there was a great need for it. But no one thought to drill the surface of the earth to extract oil. The idea of drilling for oil was pioneered by New York lawyer George Bissell. Bissell received samples of the oil for analysis, and the chemists concluded that the oil had many useful properties. In 1857, Bissell hired a man named Edwin L. Drake to take care of the oil property in Oil Bay, Pennsylvania. Drake decided to drill the earth in search of oil. But the well was clogged with earth that had collapsed into it. Drake had an idea - why not install an iron pipe in the well to support the walls of the well. Since then, this has been done in any oil well. On Sunday, August 28, 1859, a well was drilled 21 meters deep. Drake decided to check the contents of the well. Below, he saw a dark liquid. He lowered the ladle on the rope, pulled it back, sniffed the contents. It was oil! He was the first to extract oil by drilling. The news quickly spread, and the world was gripped by an oil rush. It started all over the United States, Canada and Europe. A new age has begun. Author: Likum A.
How were the Egyptian pyramids built? No one knows the exact age of the pyramids. A thousand years before the birth of Christ, they were already ancient and mysterious. The construction of the Great Pyramid at Giza dates back to the 4th Dynasty of Pharaoh Cheops (about 2900 BC). Pyramids are meant to be tombs. The ancient Egyptian pharaohs believed that their future lives depended on how well their bodies were preserved. Therefore, after death, their bodies were embalmed, and the mummies were placed in inner secret rooms under huge boulders. And even the internal approaches were walled up in order to hide the burial place from the robbers. The structure of such a huge structure was an incomprehensible manifestation of engineering art. For example, 100 slaves worked on the construction of a large pyramid for about 20 years. Each stone block was 7 meters high and 5,5 meters wide. During the construction of the pyramids, limestone and granite were used, which were transported from the quarries along the Nile in special boats. This could be done only for three months during the spring flood. That is, it was necessary to carry out 500 such flights within 000 years in order to deliver the slabs necessary for the construction. The boats were unloaded on a special platform, from which a stone-paved road led directly to the pyramid. Then each block weighing about two tons was unloaded by a group of slaves onto special sledges. After that, another group of slaves dragged a huge stone with ropes along the flat surface of the road to the construction site. This procedure was repeated with each stone block. In total, there are about 20 of them in the Great Pyramid. As the pyramid grew, a giant inclined plane was also built. Large groups of slaves were pulling blocks to a new level of construction. Each stone row of the pyramid, consisting of huge limestone blocks, tightly fit one to the other. The smooth surface of the blocks held them together even stronger than cement. Untreated blocks were placed in the center of the pyramid closer to the surface, the quality of processing increased. And, finally, the front surface of the limestone slabs was polished so carefully that the joints between them were barely visible. The pyramid, as a rule, had 3 internal rooms, interconnected by passages.
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