What are nerves? Detailed answer

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What are nerves? Detailed answer

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What are nerves?

Cells whose job it is to inform the body about environmental conditions are called nerve cells. In the lower forms of life, nerve cells are located on the skin and directly transmit information to the internal organs of the body. But in humans and other complex organisms, most of the nerve cells are located in the body, although they can receive "messages" from the skin with the help of thin "antennas".

The task of nerve cells is to transmit information throughout the body, each message to the appropriate place. The nerve fibers that carry these messages are like a high-performance cable.

There are four main types of nerve cells, or nerves. The body contains completely independent sets of nerve cells, each of which is adapted to perform certain tasks. Cells of one type receive information about heat, cold, light and pain from the outside world and transmit this information inside the body. They can be called sensory. Cells of another type can be called motor. They receive impulses from sensory cells and respond to them by sending signals to various parts of the body, such as muscles and glands. The resulting reaction is called a reflex.

For example, a heat signal causes certain muscles to react, and the hand pulls away from a hot object. Nerve cells of the third type are busy with communication. They transmit signals in the body over long distances. They connect motor cells in one part of the body with sensory cells in another. The fourth type of nerve cells transmits messages from the outside world. Information about cold, heat and pain is transmitted to the brain, where it is "translated" into sensations.

Author: Likum A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

The title of which Rembrandt painting is the opposite of the artist's intent?

Painted in 1642, Rembrandt's "Speech of the rifle company of Captain Frans Banning Cock and Lieutenant Willem van Ruytenburg" eventually became better known as "Night Watch". However, during the restoration of the canvas in 1947, it turned out that the word "night" is not very appropriate here. Rembrandt covered the painting with several layers of dark varnish, and over the long years of being in the Amsterdam City Hall, she also became a victim of soot from the fireplace. The cleaning of the canvas, coupled with the analysis of the shadows from the characters, showed that the action takes place between noon and two in the afternoon.

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