What are the sizes of the molecules? Detailed answer

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What are the sizes of the molecules? Detailed answer

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What are the sizes of the molecules?

A molecule is the smallest particle of a substance that can exist separately and at the same time retain its properties. For example, if you somehow destroy a sugar molecule and it breaks down into its constituent elements, then they will not have the properties of sugar, including color and taste.

Simple molecules, such as those of most gases, are composed of two or three atoms. And for some gases, such as helium and neon, they are generally from one. However, there are those that have in their composition thousands of atoms connected to each other in a complex sequence.

It often happens that molecules contain several identical atoms. For example, a water molecule consists of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen.

The molecule of pure natural rubber, from which rubber is obtained, consists of approximately 75 carbon atoms and 000 hydrogen atoms. So, as you can see, the molecules of different substances are very different in size. So, the size of a water molecule is measured in billionths of a centimeter. A rubber molecule is a thousand times larger. The shape of the molecules can also be very different: some of them are folded into a ball resembling a soccer ball, while others are long threads.

It is almost impossible to visualize the true sizes of molecules. Only 10 cu. cm of ice contains more than 300 million billion molecules (if you write this number in numbers, you get a triple, followed by 20 zeros). In addition, we should not forget that most of this piece of ice is occupied by empty space.

Author: Likum A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

Is a dolphin a mammal?

It's hard to believe that a dolphin is not a fish, but a mammal. Nevertheless, he is the same mammal as, for example, a cow grazing on the lawn. Dolphins and whales are classified as cetaceans, or a group of marine mammals.

There are many differences between dolphins (and other cetaceans) and fish. Dolphin babies are fed with milk, like other mammalian babies. They do not hatch from an egg, but are born immediately alive. Dolphins do not have gills and breathe with lungs.

If we consider the internal structure of dolphins, we will find a skeleton, circulatory system, brain and other organs that do not resemble the internal structure of fish. Another important difference is the presence of subcutaneous fat in dolphins. Mammals are warm-blooded animals, and fat allows them to maintain a constant body temperature in cold water.

Regular dolphins are about 1,6 meters long. The head is round in front, and the lower jaw protrudes slightly. The dolphin has a large mouth with 80-100 teeth. From above, dolphins are black or gray in color, and their belly is white with black fins.

Dolphins prefer to live not in the open sea, but closer to the coast. They inhabit the northern Atlantic, but are quite rare in the Mediterranean. Dolphins live in large flocks and seem to enjoy following ships.

There are several species of dolphins found in the South Atlantic and the Pacific.

Dolphin oil, which is produced from the delicate fat of the head and jaw, is used as a lubricant in the manufacture of watches and other precision instruments because it does not stick together or freeze at very low temperatures.

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