When did books first appear? Detailed answer

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When did books first appear? Detailed answer

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When did books first appear?

Books as we know them did not appear until the Middle Ages. Papyrus, rolled into tubes, replaced them. Papyrus sheets were glued together and rolled into scrolls. The inhabitants of Rome called them "volyumen": hence the English word "volyum", that is, "volume", came from.

By the middle of the XNUMXth century, papyrus had been supplanted by parchment. It was made from the skin of sheep and goats, and the thinnest parchment was made from calfskin. Text was written on one side, then sheets of the same size were cut and fastened with leather straps. These were the first books, if we can call them that.

But books that even remotely resemble modern ones were first made in the Middle Ages. Four pieces of parchment were folded in half: from each came out, as it were, two sheets. Then they were put one into the other: in total, 8 sheets, or one section, were obtained.

Finished sections were sent to the scribe. He wrote the text. The scribe separated the sheets and worked on each page separately. The parchment was thick enough to write on both sides.

The finished sections were then sent to the binder. He sewed each section with twine along the fold line. Next, wooden covers were prepared. The ends of the twine were threaded through holes in the wood to hold the section and cover together. Then a large piece of leather was glued onto the wooden covers, covering the folds of the sections with it. Finished books were decorated and carefully stored.

Among the first medieval books, the majority were Bibles, sermons and other religious literature. Then came the legal, medical and popular science literature. Historical chronicles and novels came out later. Most books in the Middle Ages were written in Latin.

Author: Likum A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

Which ruler forbade people of their nationality to marry each other?

Shortly after the liberation from Spanish colonial dependence in Paraguay, dictator José Gaspar Rodriguez de Francia came to power. His main idea was the creation of a closed homogeneous society, for which entry and exit from the country, as well as the import of foreign goods, were almost completely limited. The Spanish-speaking population was forbidden to marry each other, ordering to marry and marry local Guarani Indians, blacks or mulattoes.

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