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BOOKS AND ARTICLES
STRANGE MIRRORS OF THE RVS OPERATOR
Books and articles / And then came the inventor
Once Khoja Nasreddin was asked to perform a miracle. All right, said Nasreddin, I will perform a miracle, but on the condition that everyone present does not think about the white monkey. Nasreddin described this monkey in detail and repeated: do not under any circumstances think about it. Of course, after that, no one could get rid of the thoughts of the white monkey ... The inventive task, like the crafty Nasreddin, imposes on us the "white monkey". We firmly decided to abandon the roller conveyor, but before the mind's eye, the familiar image of the conveyor - roller, belt - appears again and again. It is very difficult to get away from the familiar image, because it is not known how a fundamentally new conveyor should look like. An interesting story comes to mind. Industry annually produces hundreds of millions of faience cups, saucers, plates. Each product is fired twice. After the first firing, the products are sorted - depending on how the firing went, and then they are fired again, choosing the most suitable mode for each group. Sorted by sound. The worker takes the plate, carefully strikes it with a hammer and determines the degree of roasting by the "voicing" of the sound. This operation is called "recall". The work is not easy: shift the plates throughout the shift, listen intently to the soft "ringing". And so the inventors decided to create a machine for "call back". A typical case when the old system is outdated and needs to be replaced with something fundamentally different. The inventors understood this, but they failed to get away from the "white monkey". A "handy" machine was built: it took a plate with one "hand" and hit it with a hammer clamped in the other "hand". The microphone caught the sound, the electronic device analyzed it and gave the command to the "hand" - where to put the plate. The machine was installed at the factory. And then it turned out: the machine works slower than a person. We tried to increase the speed of movement of mechanical hands - the machine began to beat the cymbals. The workers, as before, had to manually "call back" mountains of plates... At first glance, it is very simple to replace hands with mechanical clamps. But the hand, hand, fingers - tools that are unsurpassed in sensitivity and mobility, in the subtlety of regulation and control, in the ability to adapt to different work. The hand operates according to the commands of the brain; in essence, it is part of a single system "brain - hand", and this system has been perfected for millions of years. In technical museums there are "handy" sewing machines, bricklayers, fruit pickers ... All of them were unsuccessful. In order to successfully mechanize the work of the hand and fingers, one must go around: change the principle of operation, find a new way of working that can be easily mechanized. The theory of inventive problem solving offers a very original tool to help the imagination. It is called - the RVS operator. These are the six questions an inventor must consider. What happens if the size of the object in question starts to decrease? Or, on the contrary, will they increase? What happens if the action we are considering goes slower and slower, or faster and faster? How to solve the problem if an additional condition is introduced: the cost of a new machine must be equal to zero? Or vice versa: a car can be infinitely expensive. How then is the problem solved? The six questions of the RVS operator, like mirrors in a "room of laughter", distort the conditions of the problem ... and make our imagination work, help to get away from the obsessive image of the old system. Imagine that the plate has become smaller than a two-kopeck coin. And then even less - like a speck of dust. You can’t pinch such a plate with your fingers, you can’t hit it with a hammer. For a plate - a speck of dust, you need a weightless hammer ... And if you speed up the action? Let the plate have the usual dimensions, but only one second is given for the “call-back” ... one thousandth of a second ... one millionth of a second. In such a short period of time, the sound simply does not reach the ears of the controller or the microphone. So we need something faster than sound. Faster than sound - light! And what if you "hit" the plate with light (after all, it is a weightless hammer!) And catch the reflected beam, "listen" to it?.. The PBC operator is not intended to receive an answer to a task. It must only eliminate the psychological inertia inherent in our thinking. The strange mirrors of the RVS operator are tools for the initial work on the task. If you have ever soldered, you know that you first need to clean the surfaces to be soldered with acid, remove oxide deposits from them. The RCS operator does something similar with the task (and with our thinking). It happens that after applying the RCS operator, the task becomes so easy that, in fact, it does not even have to be solved. Take, for example, the problem of plates. The RVS operator gave a hint: it would be good to replace the hammer with a light beam. This is a new principle for checking plates. But maybe other products are already being checked by translucence? Maybe there are already devices for this? Then we will take a ready-made device, remake it a little, adapt it to check the plates - and that's it, you can implement it. Where do you have to check small ceramic parts? Every radio amateur knows resistors, very common radio components made of ceramics. Of course, the resistors are checked. They are much smaller than plates. Resistors cannot be checked by "ringing back", so they are controlled with the help of light: depending on the degree of firing, resistors transmit and reflect light rays in different ways. The light machine sorts thousands of resistors per hour. A little alter the machine - and it will save the workers from the manual "calling" of the plates. Look through the bulletin of inventions, and you will immediately see that we are on the right track: small objects are checked not by sound, but through the light. Let's say a grain of rice. It is "burned" by the sun, and the control of this "burning" - when determining the degree of ripening - is carried out by a beam of light; there is a copyright certificate. See what happens. Using the PBC operator, we seem to deliberately complicate the problem, but its solution is made easier! This happens because the RVS operator helps us get rid of psychological inertia and look at the problem with an open mind. Problem 43 - We need to check this gun, - said the investigator and put a hunting double-barreled shotgun on the expert's table. - I need to find out if this gun was fired a week ago or not? The expert carefully examined the gun and shook his head. - I don't know how to approach the problem. The gun is cleaned, there is no carbon deposits ... And then an inventor appeared. “I know,” he said. - Let's contact the RVS operator. Let's say the shot happened a day ago... an hour ago... five minutes ago. According to the conditions of the task, there is no carbon deposits in the barrel. But if the shot happened a minute ago, the barrel will be a little warmer than usual. And if they shot ten seconds ago - even warmer. So, you can even say with your eyes closed whether they fired a gun or not. True, the "temperature memory" of the metal is very short ...
Well, let's look for some other "memory" in the metal. What properties of steel change when fired? Remember problem 32 - about heating wires. When heated above the Curie point, steel demagnetizes. The magnetic properties also disappear upon impact. Powder gases hit not only the bullet, but also the barrel. Usually the barrel is magnetized (albeit weakly): it is affected by the Earth's magnetic field. A shot - and the barrel is instantly demagnetized. In three to four weeks, the magnetization is restored. The more time has passed since the shot, the closer to the "norm" the magnetization of the gun. It is enough to compare the magnetization of two guns to determine which one was fired from, say, a week ago. This time, the RVS operator helped to get halfway to the answer: he suggested the idea of "temperature memory", and in order to move on to "magnetic memory", I had to remember physics. It happens often. The RVS operator gives a hint, a hint, and then it is necessary to formulate the IFR, find a physical contradiction, use the rules of Su-Field analysis and physics. Now let's try to apply the PBC operator to problem 41. The diameter of the rollers decreases... The rollers are ten times, a hundred times thinner than a hair... It is unimaginably difficult to build a conveyor with such rollers. But we are conducting a thought experiment, what should we be afraid of? Let the rollers become even thinner - like a molecule. We will stretch the molecule... The minimum thickness is one atom, then the molecule will break... The glass ribbon moves along the layer of balls-atoms. A conveyor would be great, perfectly flat! We have a hint, let's use it. It is necessary to "pour" balls-atoms under the glass tape. These are not gas atoms - they will immediately scatter, disappear. And not the atoms of a solid body - they will not move freely. There remains one possibility - to use the atoms of the liquid. A hot glass ribbon rolls freely on the surface of a liquid - an ideal conveyor... What liquid to take for such a conveyor? Let's not search randomly. Sherlock Holmes, who perfectly understood the importance of organized, directed thinking, once said: "I never guess. A very bad habit: it is fatal to the ability to think logically." Let's take this into account and look for the right liquid strictly logically. First of all, we need a low-melting liquid. Further, the liquid must have a high boiling point, otherwise it will boil, and the surface of the tape will become wavy. The specific gravity of the liquid must significantly exceed the specific gravity of the glass (2,5 g/cm3), otherwise the glass tape will not adhere to its surface. So, the desired substance has melting point not higher than 200-300°; boiling point not lower than 1500 °; specific gravity is not less than 5-6 g/cm3. Only metals have this combination of properties. If you do not take into account rare metals, there are very few applicants: bismuth, tin, lead ... Bismuth is expensive, lead fumes are poisonous, tin remains. So, instead of a conveyor - a long bath of molten tin. Instead of rollers and balls - atoms. The system has moved to the micro level, there is an opportunity for further development. Indeed, immediately after this invention, patents for various improvements began to flow. For example, if a current is passed through tin, then with the help of magnets it is possible to move tin, to give its surface any shape - only several hundred inventions have been made on this topic ... Now try to use the PBC operator yourself. Problem 44. NEED A FRESH IDEA At one institute, a project was being developed for an unusual oil pipeline: different liquids were supposed to flow alternately through the same pipes. So that the liquids do not mix, they had to be separated by a special device: the first liquid flows, followed by a ball, like a piston, and another liquid behind the ball. - Not reliable, - said the project manager. - The pressure in the pipeline is high, tens of atmospheres. Liquids will seep, mix. - Maybe take other separators? - the engineer asked and showed the catalog of the plant producing disk separators. There was a picture in the catalog: a "cork" of three rubber disks was moving along the pipeline. “They often get stuck,” said the project manager. - And the main trouble is that every two hundred kilometers there are pumping stations; the separator will come to the station, it is necessary to pull it out, it will not pass through the pump. So both balls and discs are equally bad. You need a separator that can pass through the pumps and ensure that the liquids do not mix. And then an inventor appeared. "We'll use the PBC operator," he suggested. We need a fresh idea... And a new idea came up. What do you think - what? Apply the first of six operations - a mental reduction in the size of the pipeline. Please note that the idea of dividing the pipeline with a longitudinal partition is not good. It is necessary that different liquids flow alternately through the pipeline - and do not mix ...
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