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BOOKS AND ARTICLES
INVENTOR - PROFESSION OF THE FUTURE
Books and articles / And then came the inventor
The profession of "inventor" did not exist until now. A person (most often an engineer) went about his work and invented along the way. You may object: what about Edison? After all, he received more than a thousand patents!.. Edison worked by trial and error. To create a new type of battery, he conducted 50 experiments. This is simply beyond the power of one person. And Edison did not work alone; about a thousand employees worked in his laboratory. Edison's laboratory can be considered an invention firm. It is a company, not one person. We say: the inventor of the Morse telegraph, the inventor of the radio Popov, the inventor of the steamboat Fulton... None of them were professional inventors. They solved one or more inventive problems, and then engaged in research, development, and implementation of their inventions. James Watt was a professional mechanic, then invented a universal steam engine, patented his invention, solved several other problems - and until the end of his life he was a professional entrepreneur, most of all thinking about making profits from his patents... Inventors who tried to live solely by solving inventive problems usually died in poverty. No wonder. The trial and error method does not guarantee that the problem can be solved in a relatively short time. The artist knows that he can paint a picture - at a professional level - in a few months, even in a few years. The writer knows that in a few years he can write a story or novel. An inventor working by trial and error is not sure whether he will be able to solve the “average” problem or not. Maybe the decision will be made today, right now, or maybe life won’t be enough... Imagine an inventive department with professionals solving problems by trial and error. People sit and think. They're sorting through the options. “Colleague,” says the head of the department, “you’ve been thinking for ten years now, but there are no products...” “It’s a difficult task,” he replies, “he’s already gone through six thousand options...” “And you should walk the streets,” suggests the manager. “Suddenly you accidentally come across something that will give you an idea for a solution.” “I’d rather take a nap,” the professional replies. “New ideas sometimes appear during sleep, you know such cases...” There are no exaggerations here. Recently, a message appeared in the "Psychological Journal" that the American psychologist D. McKinnon is trying to find the source of insights and guesses by studying the transition state between sleep and wakefulness. Similar studies have been conducted by psychologists for sixty to seventy years. No results. The trial and error method has long ago exhausted its possibilities. Therefore, attempts to improve it are also fruitless. We need a different way of producing inventions, based on the conscious application of the laws of development of technical systems. In recent years, special groups have appeared in some design bureaus that solve difficult problems using the theory of solving inventive problems. Not much time will pass, and the new specialty will become widespread and familiar, as happened, say, with the profession of a programmer. Perhaps TRIZ specialists will be called inventor engineers, or perhaps, more precisely, engineers for the development of technical systems. Let's imagine a little: let's try to look into one of the rooms of a special invention bureau that does not yet exist. Problem 35. INVENTION TO ORDER At one factory, automatic machines produced the thinnest microwire: press a button - the machine at a tremendous speed produces a thin thread, similar to a silvery cobweb, which is wound on a large spool. Excellent machines, but we had to control the diameter of the thread in the most primitive way. The machine was stopped, a piece of thread was cut off, weighed and, knowing the specific gravity of the metal and the length of the piece, the diameter of the wire was calculated. We tried different methods of measuring “on the go” - nothing worked: either too complicated or inaccurate. And then one day the shop manager was at a concert. When the guitarist came on stage, the engineer felt like he was electrocuted. - Eureka! - he exclaimed. The next day, the engineer spoke about his idea at the plant. A wire is similar to a string, and the frequency of vibration of the string depends on its diameter. The microwire must be made to oscillate - its diameter can be judged by the frequency of oscillations. The invention was implemented in two days, and the machines now worked without stopping. “Wonderful,” said the director, signing the order to reward the inventor. - But starting from the new year we will be producing even thinner wire. The diameter will have to be measured with very high accuracy. We need some other way. So, again, wait two years for someone to have an epiphany? Let's order an invention from specialists. The next day, an engineer from the plant management went to the invention bureau. “I see,” the bureau said after listening to the engineer. - The task is simple. Go to room 5, there is a trainee sitting there, he will help you... The trainee was very young. Looking doubtfully at the trainee, the engineer outlined the essence of the matter. “We will solve the problem easily,” said the trainee. - First, let's write down the conditions. Given a substance, a wire. This substance should give a signal, a signal field that carries information about the diameter of the wire. On a piece of paper he wrote:
“Matter itself does not create such a field,” the trainee continued. - So, we need to add some other field. Like this:
This is a suction diagram of an invention made at your factory, the trainee explained. - Let’s hit the string (apply a mechanical field P1), and oscillations will arise (mechanical field P2). To increase accuracy, we must, firstly, move from mechanical fields to electromagnetic fields; secondly, we need to complete the su-field by introducing a second substance. We will get the following diagram:
An electric field acts on the wire, causing it to interact with a second substance. And the second substance sends a signal - some kind of field P, carrying information about the diameter of the wire. Which signal would you prefer? “Light,” said the engineer. - It's more convenient.
- So, we will assume that Yag is an optical field. So, an electromagnetic field acts on a wire, the wire acts on some substance, high frequency, and this substance gives a light signal about the diameter of the wire. The problem is solved: you just need to remember ninth grade physics. Here, take a look... He handed the engineer an open textbook. “Perhaps you’re right,” the engineer said thoughtfully after reading the page. - Perfect solution! It’s strange that we didn’t guess it ourselves!.. You need to measure the diameter of the microwire. Corona discharge easily occurs on thin wires. It depends on the diameter of the wire. Just what you need to solve the problem! Based on the brightness and shape of the crown, you can very accurately not only determine the diameter of the wire, but also check the cross-sectional shape: if the wire is oval (and this is bad), the crown also takes on an oval shape... Here's the real case. A mathematics student was studying at one of the schools of technical creativity. Several years passed, he graduated from the university, and then received a job assignment in another city. Soon he sent a letter in which he spoke about one very interesting problem. Problem 36. ACCURATE TO A DEGREE In the corridor of a research institute, the deputy director stopped a young mathematician who had recently been hired. “You graduated from an invention school,” said the deputy director. - Frankly speaking, in my opinion, everything depends on natural abilities, but still... We want to organize a new group. There is a lot of work ahead - the problem is very difficult, there is not even an approach to it in sight. The group included fifteen people; maybe we can include you too? The mathematician asked: what is the problem? The deputy director explained: - Larvae and eggs of pests sometimes get into the cereal. Naturally, they must be destroyed before packaging the cereal. It is best to heat it to 65 °C. But not higher, otherwise it will spoil. It would be ideal to heat to the nearest degree. But here’s what happens: if you heat a large amount of cereal at once, overheating will definitely occur somewhere; if processing is carried out in small portions, productivity drops catastrophically. We tried dozens of different heating methods - and all were bad. We want to check another method: blowing heated air through the layers of cereal. Maybe we can find a mode that... “You don’t need to pick anything up,” interrupted the mathematician. - The problem is solved like this... And he explained the idea behind the solution. You've probably already found the answer. Ferromagnetic pellets with a Curie point of 65 °C must be added to the cereal and heated using electromagnetic induction. And after processing, the magnets will easily catch the pellets... The mathematician’s letter ended like this: “I never thought that solving a problem could make such an impression. My interlocutor looked at me completely stunned for several minutes. People walked along the corridor, greeted the deputy, and he, not noticing anything, looked at me... "
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Comments on the article: Oleg The real problem for Russian inventors is not how to invent, but how to implement a ready-made invention.
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