Get out of the loop. Meaning, origin, examples of the use of phraseological units

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Winged words, phraseological units. Meaning, history of origin, examples of use

Winged words, phraseological units

Directory / Winged words, phraseological units

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Get out of the loop

Proverbs and sayings

Phraseologism: Get out of the loop.

Meaning: To force someone to break their habitual way of life, to bring them out of their normal state.

Origin: The expression is repelled from the word rut in the meaning of "track from the wheels on a dirt (without hard surface) road." The more often they drive along such a road, the deeper the track, especially in spring and autumn thaws. Since most of the roads in Russia were unpaved, they tried to equip the carts with such wheels so that both of their rows (right and left) fell into their own track. It was calm and relatively comfortable to drive along such a track, as well as along a snow track left by sledges in winter. Hence the figurative meaning of the word rut - "the usual, monotonous course of life."

Random phraseology:

Nothing will come out of nothing.

Meaning:

One should not expect any results if no efforts have been made to achieve them, in other words, zero labor (investments of any kind) - zero results (jokingly ironic)

Origin:

From Latin: Ex nihilo nihil fit. The words of the ancient Roman poet-philosopher Lucretius (98-55 BC), contained in his work "The Nature of Things", in the 1st and 2nd books. The very same idea was borrowed by him from the ancient authors (Epicurus, Melissa, Empedocles), who said that "nothing can come of the non-existent." There is a variant of this expression in the work "Discourse about oneself" by the Roman thinker, Emperor Marcus Aurelius (121-180): "Nothing comes out of nothing, just as nothing passes into nothing." Often this expression is found in lapidary form: "De nihilo nihil", that is, "out of nothing - nothing."

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Transcranial magnetic stimulation improved short-term verbal memory 04.10.2021

Transcranial magnetic stimulation at a frequency of one hertz, applied to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during word memorization, is associated with improved verbal memory. Moreover, this effect is associated with a well-known physiological correlate of memory formation - a decrease in beta waves observed in the posterior cortex.

The left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex plays an important role in the formation of verbal memory: if this area is stimulated while memorizing words, any text, or a passage of it, then later, when trying to reproduce the memorized memory, a decrease in memory performance will be found. Moreover, such a decrease in performance is mainly observed when using excitatory transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with an oscillation frequency of 20 hertz. Thus, it appears that the activity of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex may have an inverse relationship with memory performance.

Accordingly, it can be assumed that by suppressing the activity of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, it is possible to increase memory performance. And the fact that the application of slow (with a frequency of one hertz) repetitive TMS has an inhibitory effect on motor areas suggests a method of influence.

In the first experiment of the study, 40 healthy participants and in the second - 24 looked through two lists of 10 words per series, and there were 12 such series in total. The participants were faced with the task of either remembering both lists, or only one. At the same time, in each experiment, while memorizing the second list, half of the participants received repetitive TMS with a frequency of one hertz of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and the other half, which became the control group, received it in the region of the crown of the head, since, according to previous studies, stimulation of these zones has a relatively small effect. influence on the current brain processes involved in most experimental tasks.

It turned out that with free recall, compared with the control group, participants in the experimental group remembered significantly more words, but only words from those lists, during the memorization of which they received stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Simultaneously recorded EEG data for the first experiment showed that one hertz TMS was associated with a subsequent decrease in beta waves, a condition known to be beneficial for memory formation. This decrease was noted in the parietal and occipital regions, which are involved in the processes of information perception, which is critical for memorization, because it is impossible to remember correctly what is perceived incorrectly or not perceived at all.

In addition to the effect that TMS has on memory, it has helped scientists intercept memories on the way from short-term to long-term memory. And this is important for studying the mechanisms of memory formation, and the transfer of information from working memory to long-term storage.

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