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Crosswordist's Handbook

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Biology, botany, zoology / Biology / Scientists-biologists

(3)

BER - German biologist

RAY - English biologist, proposed the first natural system of plants

(4)

BREM - German biologist

OWEN - English biologist

FRISCH - German biologist

(5)

BROWN - English biologist

WOLF - laid the foundations of the doctrine of the individual development of organisms - ontogenesis

GALEN - an ancient Roman scientist, gave the first anatomical and physiological description of a holistic organism

CUVIER - French biologist

Schwann - German biologist, founder of cell theory

(6)

BERNARD - French scientist

BUFFON - French scientist, suggested the unity of the plan for the structure of the organic world

Virchow - German biologist

Harvey - English biologist, first suggested that all living things come from an egg

HUXLEY - English biologist, developed and substantiated the position of the unity of the structure of the skull in vertebrates

DARWIN - English scientist, discovered the main factors in the evolution of the organic world, substantiated the hypothesis of the origin of man from an ape-like ancestor

DECARTES - French scientist, introduced the concept of reflex

LAMARK - French scientist, created the doctrine of the evolution of wildlife (Lamarckism)

LINNEUS - Swedish biologist, creator of the system of flora and fauna

LORENTZ - Austrian scientist, one of the creators of ethology

PAVLOV - creator of the doctrine of higher nervous activity

Pasteur - French biologist, founder of modern microbiology and immunology

PLINY - Roman scientist, author of the multi-volume (37 books) encyclopedic work "Natural History"

(7)

Haeckel - German biologist, proposed the theory of the origin of multicellular organisms, formulated the biogenetic law

MENDEL - Austrian scientist, founder of the theory of heredity (Mendelism)

SCHLEIDEN - German scientist, founder of the ontogenetic method in botany

(8)

LEVENGUK - Dutch scientist, one of the founders of scientific microscopy

MALPIGI - Italian biologist, one of the founders of microscopic anatomy

MECHNIKOV - created the theory of the origin of multicellular organisms

THEOPHRAST - ancient Greek naturalist, one of the first botanists of antiquity

(9)

HUMBOLDT - German biologist, one of the founders of plant geography and the doctrine of life forms

Timiryazev - Russian naturalist

(10)

ARISTOTLE - an ancient Greek scientist, in his writings he cited a wide variety of information about the animal world of Greece and the regions of Asia Minor close to it

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Quietest Aircraft Motor 23.06.2023

Scientists from Whisper Aero presented at the aviation forum of the American Institute of Aeronautics a model of the Whisper Jet electric aircraft engine, which, according to the developers, is the quietest among all similar devices.

According to the creators of the project, their electric motor is 20% more efficient and 100 times quieter than aircraft electric motors on the market. During the event, they demonstrated the results of comparative measurements of the noise level of their Whisper Jet engine with the best analogues (in their opinion). Engine tests were carried out under the same conditions: at night with the same level of background noise. At a distance of 61 meters, with 30 dBA of background noise, Whisper Aero's prototype electric motor with 6-inch propellers is almost inaudible. At the same time, at a distance of 100 meters, the layout developed a thrust equal to 34,7 N, which corresponded to the indicators of other participants in the experiment.

According to the results of noise level measurements, Whisper Jet showed the best result - 34,1 dBA. Other designs, including Schubeler duct solutions (44,9 and 52,1 dBA) and Aeronaut CAMcarbon open props (49,4 and 58,7 dBA), were significantly noisier. At the same time, the developers themselves stated that their product is 100-500 times quieter than channel propellers and 100-1000 times quieter than open propellers.

The lower noise level in the Whisper Jet prototype aircraft motor is achieved by using a large number of blades mounted along the rim, as opposed to traditional motors with 3-5 blades. Thanks to this, the engineers managed to shift the fan frequency beyond 16 kHz, which makes the layout almost imperceptible to human hearing.

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The startup plans to sell engines and licenses, but is not going to produce aircraft. At the same time, the company is working on the development of its prototype 10-seat electric aircraft with silent engines, the mock-up of which was demonstrated at the aviation forum for all interested. This type of aircraft will be able to cover a distance of 322 kilometers at a maximum speed of 463 kilometers per hour.

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