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Alphabetical list articles with annotations, from journals published in 2007 in the journal Chemistry and Life:
Semantic Web: Taming Information
SKQ, they are Skulachev's ions
XVIII Mendeleev Congress on General and Applied Chemistry
Antioxidants against disease
Watermelon
Basic Element
Undivided joy
Beware of stem cells
Careful waste management
Bioresources
In the avenue of volcanoes
Looking for eternity
In search of truth
Crown of the Living
Believing student in biology class
Cherry
Together or apart
Water on Mars
Water: in the sky, on the ground, underground
Hydrogen in the gut
The emergence of life on Earth: not an accident, but a miracle?
Fibers and films made from microbial polymers
Free sons of the Saratov ether (1966-1976)
Choice of cereals
High latitudes: how are our poles?
Hemoglobins, nitrogen fixation and symbiosis
Hemoglobins: unity in diversity
The human genome for a thousand dollars, or it is useful to dream
brother genes
Global warming: catastrophe or boon?
Hot superconductivity of carbon?
Two fragments from the book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
Diagnosis - infectious obesity
Diary of a Botanist
DNA nanorobot
Life in captivity
Forbidden and destroyed
Sketches from the life of black and white pipes
Spectators: Experiments of the Present
And who came up with this scientific revolution?!
And who came up with this scientific revolution?!
Water changes
Climate control tools
Ionic liquids - a breakthrough into a new dimension?
Origins of the Darwin controversy
Exodus of science from Russia: is there light at the end of the tunnel?
Russia's Exodus from Science: Is There Light at the End of the Tunnel?
How Mendeleev intermarried with the English queen
How to secure stem cells
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Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:
Artificial leather for touch emulation
15.04.2024
In a modern technology world where distance is becoming increasingly commonplace, maintaining connection and a sense of closeness is important. Recent developments in artificial skin by German scientists from Saarland University represent a new era in virtual interactions. German researchers from Saarland University have developed ultra-thin films that can transmit the sensation of touch over a distance. This cutting-edge technology provides new opportunities for virtual communication, especially for those who find themselves far from their loved ones. The ultra-thin films developed by the researchers, just 50 micrometers thick, can be integrated into textiles and worn like a second skin. These films act as sensors that recognize tactile signals from mom or dad, and as actuators that transmit these movements to the baby. Parents' touch to the fabric activates sensors that react to pressure and deform the ultra-thin film. This ... >>
Petgugu Global cat litter
15.04.2024
Taking care of pets can often be a challenge, especially when it comes to keeping your home clean. A new interesting solution from the Petgugu Global startup has been presented, which will make life easier for cat owners and help them keep their home perfectly clean and tidy. Startup Petgugu Global has unveiled a unique cat toilet that can automatically flush feces, keeping your home clean and fresh. This innovative device is equipped with various smart sensors that monitor your pet's toilet activity and activate to automatically clean after use. The device connects to the sewer system and ensures efficient waste removal without the need for intervention from the owner. Additionally, the toilet has a large flushable storage capacity, making it ideal for multi-cat households. The Petgugu cat litter bowl is designed for use with water-soluble litters and offers a range of additional ... >>
The attractiveness of caring men
14.04.2024
The stereotype that women prefer "bad boys" has long been widespread. However, recent research conducted by British scientists from Monash University offers a new perspective on this issue. They looked at how women responded to men's emotional responsibility and willingness to help others. The study's findings could change our understanding of what makes men attractive to women. A study conducted by scientists from Monash University leads to new findings about men's attractiveness to women. In the experiment, women were shown photographs of men with brief stories about their behavior in various situations, including their reaction to an encounter with a homeless person. Some of the men ignored the homeless man, while others helped him, such as buying him food. A study found that men who showed empathy and kindness were more attractive to women compared to men who showed empathy and kindness. ... >>
Random news from the Archive The brain combines memories
22.07.2015
About 10 years ago, neuroscientists discovered a strange phenomenon: certain neurons in the human brain only fired in response to a particular image. Those studies were performed on patients with epilepsy, who were injected with electrodes into the cerebral cortex to find out which area is responsible for the disease. At the same time, it was possible to perform scientific experiments (of course, on a voluntary basis).
When a person with an electrode in their head was shown a photo of some celebrity, like actresses Jennifer Aniston or Julia Roberts, or a certain scene from a cartoon, then in response one could see the activity of certain nerve cells, and the "Jennifer Aniston" neuron was silent in the photo of Julia Roberts . Such nerve cells were located in the region of the brain that captures the hippocampus, which, as you know, serves as our main memory center.
Further experiments showed that there are indeed cells in the brain that are responsible for recognizing various objects, human faces, etc. Not one or two, but about a thousand, if not more, have been identified for each object, but they can defend each other from each other. friend is too far away for neuroscientists to notice them all at once.
Moreover, what is important, these cells distinguish important features from minor ones: for example, they react to a famous person regardless of what the celebrity is wearing and what hairstyle she has. However, in some cases, when a familiar object was shown to a person in a new context, such neurons were silent.
At the same time, our memories never consist of separate objects. For example, we can remember our friend in a situation where he came to visit us, or when we met him on the street - it is obvious that there are two different places here, the street and the house, for which their neurons are allocated, and they must somehow then interact with the cells responsible for the image of a person. In general, we remember whole chains of events in which something happens all the time with a variety of objects - this kind of information is called episodic memory.
Itzhak Fried (one of those who discovered such cells) from the University of California, Los Angeles and his colleagues from the University of Leicester tried to find out how the specific neurons described above behave with such a memory. Volunteers in their experiments again served as epileptic patients who had electrodes inserted into the cerebral cortex - they were shown from one hundred to two hundred very different images: among them there were places that the most participants in the experiment liked, and portraits of celebrities, and famous architectural structures, such as the Leaning Tower of Pisa , and other elements of the landscape.
In each person (and there were 14 of them), it was possible to record the activity of 600 cells, and among them groups from 2 to 28 could be distinguished, which together responded to at least one image. Then the pictures were changed so that the character and background did not match in terms of neural activity, for example, the actor Clint Eastwood was combined with the Leaning Tower of Pisa - knowing that the neurons responsible for a famous person do not react in any way to a famous architectural structure.
After the participants in the experiment looked at such collages, they had to pass a series of memory tests: for example, they had to assemble a collage they had seen from separate photos - that is, to match a photo of Clint Eastwood with a photo of the Leaning Tower of Pisa.
The goal of the researchers was to understand what would happen to the neurons of a specific response. In an article in Neuron, they write that after the first time, the cells understood that they had “their object” in front of them, just under new conditions, and even responded to its new, modified version with greater activity. "From the first time" means that it was enough to show the combined picture once for special neurons to remember their object in relation to the new environment.
In fact, one would expect the brain to have a way of turning individual objects into a continuous chain of memories. The peculiarity of the new work is that the authors managed to show changes in the work of the higher nervous system at the neuronal level - and the main thing here is that the emergence of a new association, the need to associate a familiar object with new conditions affects the activity of single neurons.
Obviously, by combining the activity of various groups of special neurons, each responsible for its own image, the brain is able to remember a unique event in our life, which did not happen in the past and which will not be repeated in the future.
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