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Programmable photonic quantum chip

14.03.2021

A team of researchers and engineers at Canadian company Xanadu Quantum Technologies Inc., working with the US National Institute of Standards and Technology, has developed a programmable, scalable photonic quantum chip that can run multiple algorithms.

Engineers around the world are working to create a truly useful quantum computer that can perform calculations that traditional computers would take millions of years to complete. To date, most such efforts have been focused on two main architectures - based on superconducting electrical circuits and based on trapped ion technology. Both have their advantages and disadvantages, and both must operate in a supercooled environment, making them difficult to scale.

Less attention is paid to work based on the photon approach to building a quantum computer. This approach is considered less feasible due to the problems associated with the generation of quantum states, as well as with the transformation of such states on demand. One big advantage of photonic based systems over the other two architectures is that they don't need to be cooled - they can operate at room temperature.

In this new effort, Xanadu engineers have overcome some of the challenges associated with photonics-based systems and created a working, programmable photonic quantum chip that can run multiple algorithms and can also scale. They called it the X8 photonic quantum processing unit. During operation, the chip is connected to what the Xanadu team describes as a "squeezed light source" - infrared laser pulses operating with microscopic resonators. This is because the new system performs continuous-variable quantum computing rather than using single-photon oscillators.

The new system is the first photonic quantum computing platform to be made available to the public. Those who wish to run applications on it can choose between 8 or 12 qubit systems on top of the Xanadu Quantum Cloud.

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