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Named the new height of Everest

09.12.2020

The heads of China and Nepal, Xi Jingping and Bidhya Devi Bhandari, officially announced the new height of Everest.

"I would like, together with President Bhandari, to officially announce to the world on behalf of China and Nepal that the height of Everest is 8848,86 meters," the Chinese leader said in a letter.

Earlier Tuesday, a video conference was held with the participation of the foreign ministers of the two countries, at which new data obtained by Nepalese and Chinese researchers were announced.

The Department of Geodesy of the Ministry of Land Management of Nepal assures that the measurements are accurate to the centimeter. The error of the new data on the height of Everest, obtained by comparing data from the GPS and Beidou satellite systems, is plus or minus two cm.

Recall that an agreement on the joint measurement of Everest was reached last year during Xi Jinping's visit to Nepal. Such a need arose after the assumptions of a number of scientists that the mountain could have decreased due to earthquakes in 2015.

Nepal and China disagreed over the height of Everest back in 2015. Countries called different heights of the peak and because of this they could not sign the border protocol.

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Miniature infrared spectrometer 19.10.2019

Researchers at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) have created a tiny infrared spectrometer that is small enough to fit on a semiconductor chip and yet "provides a lot of interesting possibilities." According to the researchers, chips with such spectrometers can be used in a variety of areas, from the space industry to everyday items. One example of this is the integration into the design of mobile phones.

With the help of an infrared spectrometer in a smartphone and a special application, this device becomes able to determine the alcohol content in a liquid, conduct a simple chemical analysis of a substance, determine the degree of maturity of fruits and vegetables, and perform a number of other functions that will be useful to people of various professions.

The main achievement in all this is the extremely small size of the spectrometer. Conventional infrared spectrometers currently used for analysis are expensive and bulky devices weighing at least a few kilograms and extremely difficult to convert into portable devices.

A conventional spectrometer splits light into two streams, which are reflected from mirrors, added again in a certain way, and the result is measured by a sensitive photosensor. By changing the position of one of the mirrors, it is possible to change the optical image resulting from the addition of two beams of light, which makes it possible to determine the proportion of the content of light with different wavelengths in the incoming optical signal.

The miniature spectrometer uses exactly the same principle. Only instead of movable mirrors, it uses special waveguides, the light refractive index of which can be changed using an external electric field. Changing the refractive index in this case has the same effect, similar to the effect of changing the position of the mirror.

In addition, by changing the refractive indices of two waveguides at once, using a miniature spectrometer, you can work with different parts of the infrared range. Another undoubted advantage of this device is that it needs a one-time calibration, which can be carried out at the manufacturer immediately after the chip is manufactured or the chip is integrated into the final device. In contrast, conventional spectrometers require calibration before each run.

The design of the new miniature infrared spectrometer has no moving parts, making it extremely reliable. But, as the researchers themselves admit, before their offspring can be used in mobile devices, they will need to carry out a number of works aimed at improving technologies and bringing these technologies into line with the requirements of modern industrial production.

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