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Temperature and synthesis of pure polymers

01.10.2020

Florida State University researchers have figured out how temperature during the synthesis process affects the properties of the final polymer. The discovery will help create new environmentally friendly plastics.

Plastics made from petroleum and other non-renewable resources can take centuries or millennia to decompose. All because of the stability of their structure, due to strong bonds between long molecular chains. These bonds, as well as the position of the chains, are formed in the process of synthesis. Therefore, the final properties of the polymer also depend on the synthesis conditions.

Finding the right temperature is key to getting the best materials that can replace inexpensive petroleum-based polymers with economically viable, environmentally friendly materials.

As an object of study, scientists used polyacetals with large internodal distances. This class of polymers is most often used for the production of various kinds of plastics. As a rule, these materials are obtained from environmentally friendly biomass. However, they are durable and break apart more easily in water.

The researchers found that upon rapid cooling, the polyacetals become rigid and crystallize, and their molecules self-assemble into a specific phase, which the scientists called "Form I". When slowly cooled, the material also becomes crystalline, but the resulting crystals have a different structure and scientists call them "form II". If the polymer is cooled at intermediate temperatures, the material does not harden at all. According to the researchers, this phenomenon has never been observed in any other crystalline polymers.

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Prosthesis that senses touch 25.01.2019

An advanced surgical operation was performed at the Gothenburg University Hospital. A Swedish patient received titanium implants in her radius and ulna, and a prosthesis made in Italy was connected to living muscles and nerves with sixteen electrodes. So the prosthesis was able to receive commands from the brain and transmit tactile sensations.

The technology was developed by the team of Dr. Max Ortiz Catalan as part of the larger European DeTOP project, which includes engineers and orthopedists from Italy, the UK, Sweden and Switzerland.

Modern prosthetic hands usually receive signals from the muscles through electrodes placed on the skin of the stump. This information is often limited and unreliable. As a rule, only a few rough actions can be performed this way - squeezing and unclenching the palm, for example.

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