Iron, transparent to gamma radiation. Free Technical Library News

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Iron transparent to gamma radiation

28.07.2020

An international group of scientists has learned how to control high-frequency gamma radiation using low-frequency acoustic exposure.

Researchers have found that iron nuclei can be made transparent to the gamma rays they normally absorb. To do this, they use a new method of acoustically induced transparency (AIT). At present, hopes for such transformations are associated with the development of the short-wavelength part of the electromagnetic spectrum - the hard X-ray or soft gamma range.

X-ray and gamma radiation have found many applications in medicine, physics, chemistry, materials science and other sciences. However, most of the coherent optics methods used to control the resonant interaction of optical radiation with matter turn out to be inefficient or unrealizable in the gamma/X-ray range.

Scientists propose to influence the spectral characteristics of the nuclei with the help of acoustic vibration of the medium. In a demonstration experiment at room temperature, a 150-fold increase (from 5,5^10-3 to 0,82) was obtained for the first time in the resonant transmission of single photons with an energy of 25 keV by stainless steel foil 14,4 μm thick without spectral and temporal distortions.

By acting on an absorber containing Fe-57 nuclei using a piezoelectric transducer, it was possible to achieve that the optically dense absorber became transparent to resonant gamma rays. The absorber was attached to a piezoelectric transducer, which vibrated at a certain frequency and amplitude. At an oscillation amplitude corresponding to a modulation index of 2.4, the absorption of photons with an energy of 14,4 keV was suppressed by a factor of 148.

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The priest had a dog 01.04.2001

The experiment, as if inspired by this endless folk poem, was conducted by employees of the Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig (Germany).

Studying the dependence of the behavior of dogs on the presence of a person, they put some tidbit on the floor in front of the dog and strictly forbade touching it. While the experimenter remained in the room, the dog most often did not have enough food, but after his exit, no more than 5 seconds passed before the forbidden piece disappeared. Then human behavior was made more diverse. In some experiments, while in the room, he looked directly at the dog, in others he sat with his back to it or closed his eyes, or even played computer games.

Conclusion: dogs are able to vigilantly follow the direction of a person’s gaze. If the experimenter did not look directly at the animal, the amount of food eaten contrary to the prohibition doubled.

When a person looked at a dog, if it still grabbed food, in 75% of cases it did it stealthily - walked around the room, as if not paying attention to the treat, and then, as if by chance, grabbed a piece. If the "watchman" played on the computer, then such evasive behavior was observed only in 24% of cases.

The results of the experiment refute the idea of the behavior of dogs as a simple complex of conditioned and unconditioned reflexes.

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