The theory of lasers can be revised. Free Technical Library News

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The theory of lasers may be revisited

21.07.2020

An optical device that produces a coherent monochromatic beam of light, known as a laser, was invented over 60 years ago. And it would seem that for such a long time, during which lasers have found very wide application in various fields of science and technology, scientists should have thoroughly understood the principles of operation of this device, which, according to modern physics textbooks, works on the border between classical physics and quantum mechanics. However, scientists from the University of Surrey, UK, the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology and the Fraunhofer Institute IOSB, Germany, have questioned the orthodox theory about how a laser works.

What has given scientists the opportunity to question the current theory is the linewidth of the laser light. According to all the canons of physics, an ideal laser should produce light of a strictly defined wavelength, i.e. the width of its spectral line should tend to an infinitesimal value. In practice, lasers produce photons of light that have very small wavelength deviations from the base value, and these deviations make the width of the spectral line of laser light have a certain non-zero value, and the higher the class (quality) of the laser, the thinner the width of this line.

In the orthodox theory, this is explained by the influence of some effects from the field of quantum mechanics. But such an explanation, on closer examination, does not stand up to scrutiny. It has more than once been the cause of the embarrassing situation in which some physics teachers have fallen, who have been asked very "uncomfortable" questions by the smartest of the students in lectures.

After conducting their experiments, scientists found that the basic principle of the laser, which determines that the amplification of light in the body of the laser completely compensates for losses, is very close to reality. Scientists measured the quantitative values of energy losses in the laser and found out that there is another kind of tiny excess losses that are not compensated for by the amplification of light, and these losses directly affect the expansion of the spectral line of laser light. In other words, there is no influence of quantum mechanics in all this, but ordinary classical physical phenomena at work.

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