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Smallest black hole discovered

24.02.2020

Scientists may have discovered the smallest black hole ever discovered. This is made possible by a new technique that combines multiple datasets. The researchers believe that the black hole is about 3,3 times as massive as the Sun and is located in the binary system J05215658, which is located at a distance of about 10 light-years from the outer edge of the Milky Way's disk. Although more research is needed to confirm the low mass of a black hole, there is a possibility that this object is part of a mysterious class of small black holes. These objects were not discovered in the past, as no one understood exactly how to look for them.

Most observable black holes are about 5-15 times more massive than the Sun, but this does not mean that all black holes in the universe are of this size. Part of the reason is that massive and supermassive black holes are much easier to detect. When such objects orbit stars in binary systems, they attract material from their satellites towards them. This accretion process emits X-rays that can be observed in telescopes.

Small black holes that are only two to five times as massive as the Sun, assuming they exist, do not seem to produce this X-ray signature, making these objects invisible to scientists. When a star goes supernova, the subsequent evolution of the star is determined by its mass. Small stars become neutron stars, the densest objects in the universe, while large stars collapse into black holes. However, researchers cannot yet say how massive a star must be in order to become a black hole. It is possible that there is an intermediate process in which the star temporarily becomes a neutron star and then evolves into a black hole.

Despite the fact that the mass is equal to 3,3 times the mass of the Sun, the object J05215658 could potentially be about five times more massive than the Sun. Previously, several other black holes were discovered, the mass of which is still being debated by researchers, so at the moment it is impossible to say with certainty that the new object is the smallest of all black holes known today. However, the very suggestion that the most mysterious objects in the universe could be even more mysterious probably should not surprise us.

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