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rare earth piglets

15.11.2003

From the beginning of 2006, the addition of antibiotics to livestock feed will be banned in Europe. Therefore, scientists are intensively looking for such additives that, while increasing weight gain, at the same time would not cause the appearance of microbes resistant to antibiotics in consumers of animal products.

Having learned that rare earth elements, such as lanthanum and cerium, have been mixed into pig feed in China since the 60s of the last century, employees of the University of Munich began testing these additives on pigs, chickens and quails. Weight gain has increased in some cases by 7 percent.

It is not yet clear how these supplements work, but they are thought to improve digestion and strengthen the immune system.

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artificial ear 12.01.2006

American engineers have created an artificial hearing device.

Every mammal has a cochlea in its middle ear, a cunningly curved organ filled with fluid and equipped with nerve endings. It recognizes the vibrations of the ossicles of the front ear and prepares an electrical signal that goes to the brain.

The artificial snail was created by Karl Grosz of the University of Michigan and his student Robert White with the support of the National Science Foundation (USA). Its main advantage is that all parts can be made using the same methods that microchips are grown, that is, mass production methods, which means that their cost will not be high at all.

So, a microelectromechanical snail consists of a piece of hard glass in which a channel is etched. Silicone oil is poured into this channel, and a cone-shaped silicon nitride membrane is located on top. Its narrow part catches high-frequency vibrations, and its wide part catches low-frequency vibrations. Another nitride membrane replaces the stirrup, a special bone in the mammalian ear.

As tests have shown, the device is able to recognize signals in the range of 4-2 kHz, which is a significant part of the range of our ear - from 35 Hz to 20 kHz.

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