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Space flights cause eye problems

17.12.2019

Specialists at NASA's Johnson Space Flight Center have for many years encountered complaints of blurred vision and headaches from astronauts who have been on long expeditions to the ISS. It was not possible for doctors to understand the mechanism and cause of the problems until 2019.

In another scientific work, the doctors decided to gather a group of volunteers and simulate for them the conditions in which astronauts are in orbit. Primarily, this meant spending several weeks lying on an angled bed, but without simulating elevated carbon dioxide levels that are characteristic of the international space station, as well as a ban on changing the position of the head and relaxing the body for a while, the results could not be obtained.

When the conditions of the experiment were adjusted, the doctors were able to compare the condition of 11 volunteers who were observed for a month with the condition of 20 astronauts who visited the ISS from 2012 to 2018 inclusive. It turned out that in all the people studied, the thickness of the retina increased, and in the astronauts, in addition, a change in the structure of the choroid of the eye was noted, which was not observed in the control group on Earth.

The results of the work should help scientists understand the mechanism and causes of changes in the eyes during their stay in space. At the moment, experts intend to continue working and find out what can lead to such changes in the body. The search for an answer to this question should help protect astronauts in the future, and especially in long-term expeditions to the Moon and Mars.

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Recall: for the invention of blue LEDs in 2014, Japanese scientists received the Nobel Prize in Fiike.

Common street lighting systems in developed countries today tend to focus on sodium gas discharge lamps, which emit yellow light. At the same time, insects are more attracted to the blue light emitted by LEDs. Such light seems white to a person due to the phosphor layer, which "mixes" the whiteness to the blue LED radiation, but insects perceive the color of the lamp differently.

In order to most accurately compare the attractiveness of sodium lamps and LEDs to insects, Stephen Pawson (Stephen Pawson) and Martin Bader (Martin Bader) placed two different types of lights near large sheets of adhesive paper, leaving them at night in a field located in a rural area. In the morning, scientists found that LED lamps attracted 48% more flies, moths and other insects. Repeated experiments showed similar results. Regardless of the type of LED, the filters used and the manufacturer, all LED lamps attracted a lot of insects.

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