The cause of scars is revealed. Free Technical Library News

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Cause of scars revealed

08.12.2019

Scars at the site of wounds are formed by connective tissue - when the wound heals, fibroblast cells come into it and fill it with connective tissue proteins - collagen, etc. They help stop bleeding, keep infection out of the wound and perform a number of other useful functions, without which the wound could not live normally. But where the “scarring” cells themselves come from has not yet been completely clear. This could be recognized by the activity of genes in fibroblasts, and judging by the genetic activity, "scarring" fibroblasts come to the wound either from the skin or from the fascia.

Fascia are called connective tissue membranes that cover organs, vessels, nerves and form original cases for muscles - these cases support and nourish them. And, as it turned out, fibroblasts come from the fascia into the wounds. Researchers at the Helmholtz Center in Munich used a range of methods to find out which connective tissue cells form the scar.

In particular, a program of cell suicide was launched in different groups of cells, and when the fascia fibroblasts were destroyed in this way, the wound did not heal for a long time or a bad scar formed in it - because the skin fibroblasts, if they participated in this, could not do all the necessary work. In other experiments, a special film was implanted under the skin of the experimental animals, which did not let the cells rising from the fascia in the depths of the body pass - and again, the wounds on top of this film remained non-healing.

The fasciae have special groups of fibroblasts that sit next to each other and around which there is already a ready-made intercellular matrix of connective tissue proteins for wound healing. And if earlier it was believed that connective tissue is made from scratch by fibroblasts that came to the wound, now it has become clear that everything is going a little differently: many cellular-molecular "patches" come into the wound at once - micropieces of the scar, which gradually fold into a large scar.

Now it remains to be seen what signals control these "scar detachments" that sit in the fasciae. It is known that scarring is sometimes too active, so that the connective tissue begins to crowd other tissues so much that it begins to harm. If we know what the appearance of scars depends on - and with the data obtained we will know this more precisely - then it will be possible to effectively prevent the pathological growth of connective tissue.

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