Gut bacteria control the intestinal clock. Free Technical Library News

NEWS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, NOVELTY IN ELECTRONICS
Free technical library / timeline

Intestinal bacteria control the intestinal clock

11.10.2019

When we talk about the biological clock that controls the daily activity of cells, organs and the body as a whole, we must always remember that we have quite a lot of these clocks: there are central ones that are in the brain, and there are peripheral ones that control individual organs and systems. organs. And, for example, it depends on the intestinal clock how nutrients will be absorbed depending on the time of day.

But in the gut, as we know, lives a colossal mass of symbiotic bacteria that help us digest food (and not only). It can be assumed that the intestinal microflora somehow affects the intestinal clock, and indeed, studies have shown that it does - if all bacteria were removed from the intestine, its daily rhythms were upset.

But how exactly do bacteria affect the intestinal biological clock? Most likely, microbes secrete some substances that act on genes, on which the course of the internal clock depends. Researchers at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center describe in their article in Science differences in gene activity in intestinal cells taken from normal mice and in intestinal cells taken from mice without microflora.

The HDAC3 gene encodes an enzyme that attaches an acetyl chemical group to histone protein molecules. These proteins serve as DNA packers, and it depends on them whether it will be possible to read information from DNA or not; in other words, the activity of genes depends on histones. But the behavior of the histones themselves depends on chemical modifications, including modifications by acetyl groups. This means that by adding or reducing the amount of the HDAC3 enzyme, changing its activity, you can thereby change the work of many genes. (Changing gene activity through histones is one way of epigenetic regulation.)

It depends on bacteria whether the HDAC3 enzyme will bind to histones on certain genes, and whether these genes will be available at certain times of the day to read the information recorded in them. That is, bacteria created a daily rhythm in the activity of intestinal genes, acting through the epigenetic mechanism of regulation, through histones. At the same time, the same HDAC3 depended on the work of the mouse clock gene, in other words, the daily rhythm of the intestine depended both on its own biological clock mechanism and on bacteria (which, probably, was to be expected).

It is likely that the HDAC3 enzyme helped the histones to unpack and repack the genes that control the digestion and breakdown of nutrients in a timely manner. However, one such gene that HDAC3 acts directly on is the Cd36 gene, which helps absorb lipids. The HDAC3 enzyme itself, without the help of histones, binds to the Cd36 gene and activates it. It can be assumed that if HDAC3 falls out of the rhythm, this can lead to obesity - due to the activity of Cd36, fats will begin to be absorbed too much and not on schedule.

<< Back: Aluminum batteries are better than lithium-ion 12.10.2019

>> Forward: Flies help alcoholics 11.10.2019

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

The existence of an entropy rule for quantum entanglement has been proven 09.05.2024

Quantum mechanics continues to amaze us with its mysterious phenomena and unexpected discoveries. Recently, Bartosz Regula from the RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing and Ludovico Lamy from the University of Amsterdam presented a new discovery that concerns quantum entanglement and its relation to entropy. Quantum entanglement plays an important role in modern quantum information science and technology. However, the complexity of its structure makes understanding and managing it challenging. Regulus and Lamy's discovery shows that quantum entanglement follows an entropy rule similar to that for classical systems. This discovery opens new perspectives in the field of quantum information science and technology, deepening our understanding of quantum entanglement and its connection to thermodynamics. The results of the study indicate the possibility of reversibility of entanglement transformations, which could greatly simplify their use in various quantum technologies. Opening a new rule ... >>

Mini air conditioner Sony Reon Pocket 5 09.05.2024

Summer is a time for relaxation and travel, but often the heat can turn this time into an unbearable torment. Meet a new product from Sony - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-air conditioner, which promises to make summer more comfortable for its users. Sony has introduced a unique device - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-conditioner, which provides body cooling on hot days. With it, users can enjoy coolness anytime, anywhere by simply wearing it around their neck. This mini air conditioner is equipped with automatic adjustment of operating modes, as well as temperature and humidity sensors. Thanks to innovative technologies, Reon Pocket 5 adjusts its operation depending on the user's activity and environmental conditions. Users can easily adjust the temperature using a dedicated mobile app connected via Bluetooth. Additionally, specially designed T-shirts and shorts are available for convenience, to which a mini air conditioner can be attached. The device can oh ... >>

Energy from space for Starship 08.05.2024

Producing solar energy in space is becoming more feasible with the advent of new technologies and the development of space programs. The head of the startup Virtus Solis shared his vision of using SpaceX's Starship to create orbital power plants capable of powering the Earth. Startup Virtus Solis has unveiled an ambitious project to create orbital power plants using SpaceX's Starship. This idea could significantly change the field of solar energy production, making it more accessible and cheaper. The core of the startup's plan is to reduce the cost of launching satellites into space using Starship. This technological breakthrough is expected to make solar energy production in space more competitive with traditional energy sources. Virtual Solis plans to build large photovoltaic panels in orbit, using Starship to deliver the necessary equipment. However, one of the key challenges ... >>

New method for creating powerful batteries 08.05.2024

With the development of technology and the expanding use of electronics, the issue of creating efficient and safe energy sources is becoming increasingly urgent. Researchers at the University of Queensland have unveiled a new approach to creating high-power zinc-based batteries that could change the landscape of the energy industry. One of the main problems with traditional water-based rechargeable batteries was their low voltage, which limited their use in modern devices. But thanks to a new method developed by scientists, this drawback has been successfully overcome. As part of their research, scientists turned to a special organic compound - catechol. It turned out to be an important component that can improve battery stability and increase its efficiency. This approach has led to a significant increase in the voltage of zinc-ion batteries, making them more competitive. According to scientists, such batteries have several advantages. They have b ... >>

Alcohol content of warm beer 07.05.2024

Beer, as one of the most common alcoholic drinks, has its own unique taste, which can change depending on the temperature of consumption. A new study by an international team of scientists has found that beer temperature has a significant impact on the perception of alcoholic taste. The study, led by materials scientist Lei Jiang, found that at different temperatures, ethanol and water molecules form different types of clusters, which affects the perception of alcoholic taste. At low temperatures, more pyramid-like clusters form, which reduces the pungency of the "ethanol" taste and makes the drink taste less alcoholic. On the contrary, as the temperature increases, the clusters become more chain-like, resulting in a more pronounced alcoholic taste. This explains why the taste of some alcoholic drinks, such as baijiu, can change depending on temperature. The data obtained opens up new prospects for beverage manufacturers, ... >>

Random news from the Archive

Hydrogen electric bus 07.02.2003

The first installation series of fuel cell buses was produced by the German company Daimler-Chrysler.

Thirty buses were sold to different European cities for testing on urban routes. Such a bus carries hydrogen cylinders under a pressure of about 280 atmospheres as a fuel supply. Cylinders are placed on the roof, hydrogen is enough for 200 kilometers. The gas enters the fuel cells, where it is oxidized on the catalyst, giving electricity and clean water. The 150 horsepower electric motor allows the bus with 62 passengers to reach speeds of up to 80 kilometers per hour.

In operation, a hydrogen electric bus is no different from diesel models except for noiselessness and the absence of exhaust emissions.

See full Archive of science and technology news, new electronics

All languages of this page

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews