The closest pair of stars in a binary system has been discovered. Free Technical Library News

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Closest pair of stars in binary system discovered

18.03.2019

Scientists have discovered a binary system with the closest pair of high-mass young stellar objects ever studied. This provided them with a valuable "laboratory" for testing theories about the formation of massive binary stars.

An international team of astronomers led by the University of Leeds has determined the shortest distance between the young massive star PDS 27 and its massive companion: just 30 astronomical units (AU), or 4,5 billion kilometers. This is about the same distance that will separate Neptune from the Sun. Thus, today this pair of stars is at the closest distance in a binary system.

As part of the study, the team also identified a companion of another massive star, PDS 37. The analysis showed that the distance between PDS 37 and its companion is somewhere between 42 and 54 AU, which is comparable to the distance from the Sun to Pluto. Even though this pair is further apart than PDS 27, it is still an important discovery given the need for confirmed massive young binary star systems in astronomical research.

PDS 27 is at least 10 times more massive than the Sun and is eight thousand light-years from Earth. To determine the presence of stellar companions PDS 27 and PDS 37, the team used the highest spatial resolution of the PIONIER telescope instrument at the European Southern Observatory. This instrument combines the light beams of four eight-meter telescopes and simulates one telescope with a diameter of 130 meters. The resulting high spatial resolution allowed the team to view such close binary systems, despite their distance from us and close to each other.

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