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Persistent cells manipulating immune cells

05.12.2018

A study by scientists in the UK reveals how so-called persistent cells manipulate our immune cells, causing repeated outbreaks of disease. The work will help explain why some people suffer repeated bouts of illness despite taking antibiotics. Also, a new study may provide an answer on how to cleanse the body of these bacterial cells.

Specialists from Imperial College London studied Salmonella bacterial cells, which are resistant cells. When bacteria such as salmonella invade the body, many of them go into "standby mode" of the body's immune system, which means they are not killed by antibiotics. The cells of these bacteria stop replicating and can remain in a dormant cell state for days, weeks, or even months. When antibiotic treatment is stopped, some of these bacterial cells may "wake up". And if they do, they can cause another infection.

It is persistent (or resistant) bacterial cells that are often the culprits of recurrent diseases. These cells form when bacteria are taken over by macrophages, human immune cells that protect the body from infections by engulfing bacteria and viruses. Once inside a macrophage, persistent cells can exist in this state in which antibiotics cannot kill them for weeks or even months.

These cells were first discovered in 1944 and were thought to be dormant, dormant bacteria that work like a time bomb to relapse. In recent studies, scientists show that persistent cells, hiding in the body's immune cells, can indeed weaken the ability of macrophages to kill cells-"pests".

Dr. Peter Hill, co-author of the study, explained: “It used to be thought that persistent cells were completely inactive. However, the reality that we have revealed now is much more terrible. infections. This means that after stopping antibiotic treatment, they could create a much more favorable environment for another infection or even a completely new infection from other bacteria or viruses."

Now scientists are trying to determine the mechanism by which persistent cells weaken our immune cells. They are difficult to get rid of as they are invisible to antibiotics, but perhaps the mechanism by which our immune cells are weakened may be the "Achilles heel" of these cells.

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Tram without wires 16.02.2010

In Paris, on tram route number three, a tram that does not need wires is being tested. Hidden under its roof are 48 supercapacitor batteries.

They are charged with energy in 20 seconds while the tram is at a stop, for which the driver raises the pantograph and connects the car to the wires. During this time, 800-1,6 kilowatt-hours are stored in batteries with a total weight of about 2 kg. This charge is enough to drive 30 meters to the next stop at a speed of up to 400 km / h.

Supercapacitors, they are also ionistors, are a special type of capacitors with a very large surface of plates immersed in an electrolyte. Their energy content per kilogram of weight is less than in common types of batteries, but ionistors are lighter than batteries, charge much faster, last longer and withstand much more charge-discharge cycles.

Tests of the tram on capacitors will last until autumn 2010.

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