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radio controlled enzymes

02.12.2018

Enzyme proteins perform all the biochemical work in our cells, but the enzymes themselves can work only under strictly defined conditions. Therefore, it is very difficult to accelerate, "improve" the enzymatic reaction. For example, we assume that if the temperature is increased, the reaction will go faster, but the enzyme does not allow this. Like any protein, an enzyme has a certain spatial structure on which its function depends. The three-dimensional structure is held together by physicochemical bonds within the protein molecule, which can be broken if the temperature rises above the optimum.

Scientists from ITMO University have found a way to increase the efficiency of enzymes without destroying them. Nanoparticles with enzymes inside were studied: proteins are enclosed in a rigid porous framework of magnetite nanoparticles. Particles can be heated by radio emission - when heated, they transfer part of the energy to the enzyme, which starts to work faster from this, while the rigid framework limits the mobility of different parts of the protein molecule, preventing it from losing its working form. In experiments with the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, which is sensitive to temperature under normal conditions, the reaction rate was increased by a factor of 4, while maintaining the efficiency of the enzyme.

Radio emission easily penetrates into living tissues and is harmless to the body. That is, with its help, you can control the activity of enzymes in the body and adjust the metabolism of cells. The authors of the work plan in the near future to test their approach with nanoparticles on other enzymes and try to use them to influence the vital activity of bacteria or cells - for example, to make them divide faster or slower.

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