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A new way to sequence proteins

01.11.2018

A team of researchers from the University of Texas at Austin has demonstrated a new way of sequencing proteins that is much more efficient than existing ones. The new method is more sensitive than existing technologies and can identify individual protein molecules. Advances in protein sequencing could have a significant impact on biomedical research, facilitate the identification of new biomarkers for diagnosing cancer and other diseases, and improve our understanding of how healthy cells function.

Work on this project began over six years ago when Marcotte and colleagues first proposed adapting next-generation gene sequencing techniques for protein sequencing. These are methods that have made whole genome sequencing of any living organism a fast, accurate and affordable process that accelerates biological research and allows genetic analyzes to be carried out at home.

The new technology provides fast, complete information on tens of thousands of proteins that play a role in healthy organ function or disease. In many cases, such as cancer, Alzheimer's, heart failure, diabetes, cells produce proteins and other substances that act as unique biomarkers, like fingerprints. Optimizing the discovery process for these biomarkers will help researchers understand the causes of health problems and ensure that patients receive earlier and more accurate diagnoses.

The current laboratory standard for protein sequencing using a tool called mass spectrometry is insensitive in many cases - it can only detect a protein if it has about a million copies. The method also has a "low throughput", meaning it can only detect a few thousand different types of protein in a single sample.

With the new method, researchers can sequence millions of individual protein molecules in a single sample. Marcotte believes that with further use and development of this technology, the number of molecules found in one sample could reach billions. With higher throughput and greater sensitivity than current technologies, this tool will enable wider detection of disease biomarkers and also enable the study of severe conditions such as cancer in an entirely new way. For example, researchers will be able to observe cells to understand how a tumor develops. Such ideas may be in the search for new ways to fight cancer.

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