The brain has a built-in noise cancellation system. Free Technical Library News

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The brain has a built-in noise reduction system

21.09.2018

American scientists conducted a study on mice using a virtual sound reality system. The resulting discovery was revolutionary.

Experts from Duke University, with the support of colleagues from New York University (USA), have shown, using the example of mice, what a high degree of noise reduction the brain has. During the experiment, the rodents ran on a special simulator, the sound of their steps was replaced by completely different ones. The results of the study reveal to scientists the secret of how a person learns to speak and play various musical instruments.

It has been established that in this case, the sound source can be anything - the noises that we hear daily in the environment, or the sound from our own actions - running, breathing. This ability is necessary for the normal operation of the hearing aid. As you know, previously the neural circuits that are responsible for predicting sound were extremely unexplored, but now researchers will be able to understand more about what is happening.

To conduct a new experiment, American scientists have developed a special system of acoustic virtual reality, and during the experiment, the heads of mice were fixed. The rodents heard a completely new and unnatural sound while moving. After just a week, the mice's cerebral cortex stopped responding to the previously used stimulus. It has been established that it is extremely important for mice to ignore the noise of their own steps, since they are potential prey for predators, so they must be able to hear them.

The results of the study are also important for humans - this can also be important, although, on the other hand, the ability to predict the sounds associated with our actions may play a big role in more complex behavior, such as speaking or playing musical instruments.

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The sirens of ambulances, as well as rescue vehicles, are designed to be loud enough so that even drivers far away can hear them and give way in time. However, some drivers have a habit of playing the music at full volume, and they enjoy the peals of it, blissfully unaware that they interfere with the movement of the ambulance.

In a situation where a person's life depends on the timely arrival of doctors and every second is precious, such behavior can lead to disaster.

Students at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm have developed the technology that will be fitted to ambulances in Sweden. With its help, you can stop the playback of music in cars moving nearby and notify by voice (via an FM tuner with Radio Data System (RDS)) about the approach of an ambulance, so that drivers can “snuggle up” to the side of the road in time, giving way to it. In addition, a text warning about the approach of an ambulance is displayed on the dashboard display in the car.

"Often, drivers have only a few seconds to react and give way to an emergency vehicle," says Mikael Erneberg, one of the creators of the system, dubbed the EVAM System. "The optimal warning time is 10 to 15 seconds."

The student project will be tested on special vehicles in Sweden in the first quarter of 2017.

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