Nanotubes can change the shape of water. Free Technical Library News

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Nanotubes can change the shape of water

29.08.2018

Scientists from Rice University have developed nanotubes that can affect the state of water in a liquid state.

Scientists led by Ruzbe Shahshavari conducted an experiment using nanotubes and water. Thanks to the special structure and the right chemical elements, the specialists were able to set the liquid in the required shape. Due to the small size inside the tube, as well as the special interaction of the water molecules, they formed a square lattice, which is not found under normal conditions at temperatures above zero. It is thanks to this structure that the liquid is able to be in a solid state, regardless of the environment.

Experts note that the size of nanotubes must contain a certain amount of water, otherwise it will not be able to form the necessary structure. If the diameter is too large, the liquid cannot change the shape required by scientists and remains in a free state. The material from which they are made is also important. Tubes containing boron nitride are better at limiting the shape of water due to the creation of certain bonds between the walls.

Research scientists can be useful in creating computers with liquid at its core. Also, nanotubes and a controlled state of the liquid will allow the introduction of drugs into certain cells for a point effect.

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Babies scream in different languages 02.09.2016

It seems to us that babies cry the same way everywhere, and it’s just stupid to talk about any language differences here - newborns can’t even speak. However, in fact, there are differences between them, at least when comparing children from China, Germany and Cameroon.

It's all about the difference between tone and non-tone languages. As you know, in many languages the meaning of a word depends on the sound pitch at which it is pronounced; pitch variations of syllables and words can completely change the meaning of what we are talking about. One example is Mandarin Chinese, including its variety Putonghua, which is an official language in China, Taiwan, and Singapore.

Northern Chinese has four tones. A more complex case is Lamnso, the language of the Nso people living in Northern Cameroon. Nso communicate with each other already on eight tones, and the meaning of each tone is determined by its variations during the pronunciation of a particular word.

When researchers from the University of Würzburg, the University of Osnabrück and Beijing Normal University compared the sounds made by infants whose mothers spoke German, Mandarin and LamNso, it turned out that the cry of "tonal" children was different from the cries of "non-tonal". Thus, in the cries of NSO infants, the interval between the highest and lowest tone was wider, and the children easily and quickly moved from height to height compared to newborns whose mothers spoke German. In general, the cries of the Cameroonians partly resembled singing.

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