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Contact lenses are dangerous for nature

23.08.2018

According to scientists, only US residents wash up to six tons of lenses a year down the drain. This seems to be a little, but we are talking about a material that is resistant to natural decomposition. Many people use contact lenses to improve their vision. This device, simple in modern times, does not last long: from several months to one day. And then they throw him out. Very often - flushing down the drain.

The researchers analyzed the likely future fate of the five polymers that make up the lenses. It turned out that, once in an environment populated by bacteria, the lenses slowly disintegrate into very small fragments, which, in the future, can be eaten by a variety of bottom dwellers, who, for millions of years of evolution, have not been taught to separate organic matter made by man from natural.

Since these plastics are actually indigestible, their entry into the food chain promises trouble for all further participants in it, up to people who will sooner or later end up with fish and seafood "with eyes".

The study participants hope that contact lens manufacturers will pay more attention to how their products are disposed of after use.

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Deciphering the Charred Herculaneum Scrolls 12.02.2024

Almost two thousand years ago, the eruption of Vesuvius covered the ancient city of Herculaneum, leaving behind a huge treasure - a library buried under a 20-meter layer of ash. Although some scrolls were discovered, most remained unreadable until recently when artificial intelligence came into play.

Brent Seales' lab at the University of Kentucky has spent years developing a "virtual deployment" method for deciphering ancient texts. By combining digital scanning with microcomputed tomography - a non-invasive technique often used in medicine to visualize cancerous tumors - and segmentation to create digital images of pages, experts were able to "read" texts, complementing them with texturing and flattening techniques. For this purpose, Seales developed Volume Cartography software, which in 2016 helped the team uncover the contents of the En Gedi scroll, found on the shores of the Dead Sea.

However, the Herculaneum scrolls were particularly challenging due to the use of carbon and water-based ink, unlike the En Gedi scrolls, where the ink contains metallic particles that stand out clearly in tomographic images. Ultimately, Seales and his team discovered that CT scanning could still detect minute differences in texture, indicating areas of papyrus with text, and trained an artificial neural network to recognize these differences.

In 2019, the researcher took two intact scrolls to a synchrotron X-ray facility near Oxford and took high-resolution scans, which were subsequently used as part of the Vesuvius Challenge, a competition launched in March last year. More than 1500 teams had the opportunity to earn significant amounts of money by successfully deciphering the text.

Last year, thanks to machine learning, it was possible to recognize some letters and even words on one of the scrolls, and now a joint team of three participants has deciphered 15 columns of text. In this ancient work, perhaps the author (Philodemus) discusses music, food and ways of enjoying life, and in the final section expresses his attitude towards possible ideological opponents, perhaps Stoics, who are unable to enjoy life.

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