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Created an artificial organism with one chromosome

12.08.2018

Scientists have been doing experiments on yeast for a long time, but recently they have achieved an amazing result: they brought out a yeast fungus with a single chromosome. Even last year, scientists managed to bring the number of chromosomes in yeast to six, and this year their number was reduced to one. At the same time, the functioning of the yeast practically did not change.

The new study involved two groups. The first, from the New York University School of Medicine, was able to use CRISPR to reduce the number of chromosomes in yeast from 16 to two. The second group, from China, managed to do even better and developed yeast with only one chromosome. The research results are published in the journal Nature.

With the help of CRISPR, each team was able to tie chromosomes together, eventually drastically reducing their number. And the yeast did not begin to function differently.

Yeast with two chromosomes survived after the procedure, began to divide and grow as well as their normal relatives, but yeast with one chromosome began to divide somewhat more slowly. None of the new varieties could interact with the standard yeast.

This inability to interact and share with other yeast means that scientists have developed a new species, and in the future this feature can be extremely useful. For example, researchers can take a yeast species that can decompose agricultural waste into biofuels and safely release it from the lab without fear of it coming into contact with natural species.

Future research may help understand the mechanism by which human cells develop chromosomal abnormalities that can lead to miscarriage or Down's syndrome in a child.

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