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An injection without a puncture

13.06.2003

Since the twenties of the last century, when the first micromanipulators were developed - lever devices like a pantograph, which greatly reduce the range of motion, biologists have been able to perform operations on individual cells under a microscope.

Now genetic engineers often use micromanipulators to introduce new genes into the cell nucleus with a microsyringe. Pharmacologists inject medicinal compounds into the cell, observing its reaction. However, in this case, the cell membrane, its outer shell, is rather roughly injured.

The English company Cell Engineering, which manufactures equipment for biological laboratories, took advantage of the fact that the cell membrane consists of a double layer of lipid molecules - fatty substances. The tips of the new micropipettes and needles produced by the company are coated with the same lipids.

Now you do not need to pierce the membrane with force, it is enough to easily touch it with the end of the needle - and the lipids of the membrane adhere to the lipids of the needle, opening a channel in the cell wall. When the experimenter withdraws the needle, the channel is tightened - no hole remains.

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AMD Radeon R3 9 285D Cards (Tonga PRO) 07.09.2014

AMD introduced the 3D-card Radeon R9 285, the preliminary announcement of which took place in the second half of August. The AMD Radeon R3 9 285D card is based on the Tonga PRO GPU. The Tonga PRO configuration includes 1792 stream processors, 112 texture units and 32 raster units.

The clock speed of the Radeon R9 285 is 918 MHz. The GDDR5 memory runs at 1375 MHz (5,5 GHz effective). The memory bus width is 256 bits. As stated, due to more efficient algorithms for working with memory, the effective bandwidth was increased by 40%. The stock memory is 2 GB, but AMD partners may introduce models with 4 GB.

Other product highlights include an improved scaling engine and display controller. Tonga also features a new 16-bit floating point unit. Improvements in geometry processing significantly increased the speed of tessellation in complex scenes (4 primitives per clock). The card receives additional power via two six-pin connectors.

The Tonga 3D card supports 4K video transcoding.

The price of the novelty is $249.

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