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New technology of optical signal transmission over long distances

28.04.2000

At the Fiber Optic Manufacturers Conference in Baltimore, Canada's Nortel Networks (NT) unveiled advanced technology for long distance optical transmission.

Called ULTRA, the technology was developed by Qtera, which Nortel acquired in December 1999. It allows the transmission of a signal over fiber optic networks over 2,5 miles (4000 km) without costly regeneration.

Current technologies provide signal transmission without regeneration for distances up to 400 miles (640 km). The speed of equipment based on ULTRA technology is 10 Gbps.

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Iron mining on Mars 01.10.2022

Australian researchers at Swinburne University of Technology have developed a process to produce iron on Mars. They propose using concentrated sunlight as an energy source, and extracting iron from regolith using carbothermal reduction.

Experiments on the Perseverance rover have shown the possibility of extracting oxygen on the Red Planet using the electrolysis of carbon dioxide (CO2). During this process, a large amount of carbon monoxide (CO) is released as a by-product. The researchers propose to combine an oxygen plant with iron production to use by-products.

In their calculations, the scientists showed that the hot gas produced by the electrolysis of carbon dioxide would be rich in CO (91%). It can be used to preheat regolith. In addition, by condensing the monoxide, pure carbon can be obtained.

The researchers analyzed the composition of the Martian regolith (soil) and found that by adding 10% carbon to it at a temperature of 1120 ° C and a pressure of 7 mbar (atmospheric pressure on Mars), liquid iron can be obtained with a conversion of 99,9%. In this case, the alloy will contain a small amount of impurities of carbon, silicon, phosphorus and chromium.

Experts believe that the resulting material can be used for the independent production of various machines and devices for a colony on Mars. The technology is based solely on local materials and does not require the delivery of goods from the Earth.

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