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Atomic clocks will become even more accurate

13.03.2018

A group of experts set up by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) described the necessary measures to improve the accuracy of atomic clocks. They propose to define the basic unit of time - the metric second - in terms of radiation in the optical range.

The most accurate atomic clock to date has an error of one second in 200 million years. And, nevertheless, this accuracy is not enough for a number of tasks, among which, for example, setting up the navigation of spacecraft. The scientists propose replacing the current clock, which is tuned to a specific frequency of microwaves, with clocks that use high-frequency visible light.

The running atomic clock depends on microwave beams vibrating at the precise frequency needed to excite the cesium-133 atoms to a higher energy level. The frequency of visible light is about 100 times higher than that of microwaves, promising even greater accuracy.

In their article, the experts outlined five steps that must be completed before this transition can take place. The most difficult of them is associated with the creation of lasers capable of stably cooling atoms to the desired temperature.

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A few years ago, it was noticed that daily consumption of blueberries and blueberries helps to lower blood pressure. However, in those experiments, the dose of berries (in the form of a dried powder) was large, it corresponded to 50 to 250 grams of fresh berries. Now, researchers at the University of Florida, led by Sarah Johnson, have studied the effect of a much smaller dose - just one cup, or 22 grams of berries per day. True, again, not fresh berries, but made from blueberry powder, which was obtained by lyophilization.

The experiments involved 48 elderly women with the first signs of hypertension. Half of the participants were given berry powder, while the other half were given a placebo. Eight weeks later, pressure readings and vascular stiffness were compared. For those who ate blueberries, it turned out to be 5-6% lower, and arterial stiffness decreased by 6,5%. At the same time, the concentration of nitric oxide (it serves as a biomarker for the dilation of blood vessels) increased by 68%. But it is the narrowing of blood vessels and the growth of their stiffness that lead to hypertension.

Johnson is going to continue his experiments, making them much longer, well, and recommends including blueberries and blueberries in your diet more often.

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